食用大豆新品种‘合农78’的选育与育种体会

为了选育食用大豆品种,采用简单回交与分子设计育种结合的方法,以‘黑农43’为母本,与（‘黑农54’ב黑农43’）F₁为父本,育成了既高蛋白又高产的新品种‘合农78’,2019年由黑龙江省审定推广。该品种百粒重22~23 g,蛋白质含量41.75%,油分含量20.42%;区域试验平均产量2726.8 kg/hm²,较对照品种‘绥农26’增产9.6%,生产试验平均产量3009.1 kg/hm²,较对照品种‘绥农26’增产11.5%;中抗SCSH,抗SMVⅠ号株系;生育日数120天,需≥10℃活动积温2450℃,适宜黑龙江省第二积温带及省外相同条件的地区种植;以该品种为核心,集成了高产与提质保优栽培技术。该品种的育成解决了发展食用大豆生产的瓶颈问题,同时也为食用大豆品种选育提供了方法与经验。

The Breeding of New Edible Soybean Variety ‘HeNong 78’

To promote the production of edible soybean, a high protein content and high yield variety ‘HeNong78’ was bred by simple backcrossing and molecular design breeding with the female parent of ‘HeiNong43’ and the male parent of (‘HeiNong54’ × ‘HeiNong43’) F₁. ‘HeNong 78’ was validated and promoted by Heilongjiang Crop Committee in 2019. The 100-grain weight of ‘HeNong78’ ranged from 22 to 23 g, the protein content was 41.75% and the oil content was 20.42%. The average yield of regional trial was 2726.8 kg/hm², 9.6% higher than that of the control variety ‘SuiNong26’. The average yield of production test was 3009.1 kg/hm², 11.5% higher than that of ‘SuiNong26’. ‘HeNong78’ had medium resistance to gray spot (MR) and resistance to the SMVⅠ(R), its growing days was 120 and 2450℃ active accumulated temperature above 10℃ was needed. The variety is suitable for planting in the second accumulated temperate zone of Heilongjiang and areas with the same condition in other provinces. This variety integrates the cultivation techniques of high yield and quality assurance, and its breeding has broken the bottleneck of edible soybean production and could provide valuable experiences.