粮食中霉菌污染检测方法现状及发展趋势

粮食中霉菌污染,尤其是产毒霉菌的污染是造成粮食损失、引起人类食源性疾病的重要原因。要实现粮食安全从被动应付向主动保障转变,建立准确、快速、灵敏的检测方法显得尤为重要。本文分析了霉菌污染粮食的主要机制:菌体污染和毒素污染。霉菌菌体污染的检测方法包括干片培养法、荧光分析法、微生物活性测定法、近红外光谱检测法和高光谱成像检测法等。毒素污染的检测方法包括高效液相色谱法、色谱-质谱联用法、酶联免疫吸附法和免疫生物传感器法等。本文分别比较了霉菌菌体检测法和霉菌毒素检测法的优缺点,同时从霉菌污染的特点出发,预测和展望了粮食中霉菌污染检测方法的发展趋势及研究重点,希望对国内的粮食安全和粮食产业的发展有一定的参考价值。

Current situation and development trends of detection methods for mold contamination in grains

Fungal contamination, especially mycotoxin contamination, is the major reason to result in grains loss and foodborne diseases in humans. To achieve food security guarantee from passive response to active transition, it is particularly important to establish accurate, rapid and sensitive detection method. The main mechanism causing mold contamination in grains contains cells contamination and mycotoxin contamination. The detection methods based on their contamination mechanism were reviewed totally and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. At the same time, the development trends and research priorities were speculated and forecasted from the characteristics of mold contamination.We hope that it has a certain reference value for the development of domestic grain security and grain industry.