疏勒河源区水化学特征及其控制因素分析

以疏勒河源区为研究区，自2018年12月至2019年11月分别采集河水、泉水和雪样样品44个、4个和7个，综合运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比值法定性分析不同水体水化学特征及控制因素，利用质量平衡法（正向地球化学模型）量化不同来源对不同季节河水水化学成分的贡献率。结果表明：疏勒河源区不同水体水化学特征存在差异，TDS含量为泉水>河水>冰川融水>雪水，河水水化学类型冬季为HCO₃^--Mg²⁺?Ca²⁺型，春季为HCO₃^--Ca²⁺?Mg²⁺?Na⁺型，夏、秋季均为HCO₃^--Ca²⁺?Mg²⁺型，泉水和雪水分别为HCO₃^--Ca²⁺?Mg²⁺型、HCO₃^--Ca²⁺型；受多种因素共同影响，不同季节河水主离子时空变化均存在差异；河水和泉水水化学组成受岩石风化作用控制，主离子来源于以白云石为主的碳酸盐岩风化、硅酸盐岩风化和盐岩、石膏、硫酸盐矿物等蒸发岩溶解；正向地球化学模型计算结果表明冬春季河水阳离子主要来源于硅酸盐岩风化溶解，夏秋季碳酸盐岩对河水阳离子贡献率大于硅酸盐岩，总体河水阳离子主要来源于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩风化。

Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors in the source region of Shule River

The source region of Shule River basin was selected as the study area， and the samples of river water， spring water and snow were collected between December in 2018 to November in 2019. Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of different waters were analyzed qualitatively by Gibbs figure， Piper Triangular diagram and the ratio of ions. The contribution of rain （atmospheric）， evaporite， carbonate， and silicate weathering in different seasons was quantified by mass budget equations of cations （the forward model）. The results showed that the concentration of the total dissolved solids （TDS） was ordered by spring water>river water>glacier meltwater>snow water. Hydrochemical types of river water were HCO₃^--Mg²⁺?Ca²⁺ in winter， HCO₃^--Ca²⁺?Mg²⁺?Na⁺ in spring and HCO₃^--Ca²⁺?Mg²⁺ in summer and autumn. Hydrochemical types of spring water and snow water were HCO₃^--Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^--Ca²⁺?Mg²⁺， respectively. Due to the influence of many factors， the temporal and spatial variations of major ions in river water were different. Hydrochemical composition of river water and spring water was controlled by rock weathering， snow water was controlled by rock weathering and precipitation. The major ions of river water and spring water were derived from carbonate weathering which dominated by dolomite， silicate weathering and evaporite dissolution of halite， gypsum and sulfate minerals. The contribution of cations from atmospheric and rock weathering was different in different seasons. On the whole， the cations in river water were mainly derived from silicate weathering in winter and spring， the contribution ratio were 36.21% and 35.54%， respectively. The contribution ratio was ordered by carbonate>silicate>rain>evaporite in summer and carbonate>silicate>evaporite>rain in autumn. In general， the cations of river water mainly come from carbonate and silicate weathering.