上海市杨浦区幼儿园儿童眼轴的光学相干生物测量调查与分析

目的 探讨学龄前正常发育状态下,幼儿园学龄前儿童眼轴长度的分布范围和发育规律,为近视的早期预防提供理论依据.方法 对上海市杨浦区104所幼儿园儿童进行全覆盖的眼轴测量,排除弱视、近视和有高度近视家族史者的情况下,筛选出正常身高、体重的儿童14 584名(共29 168眼)进行分析.采用Zeiss IOL Master光学相干生物测量仪测量眼轴长度.参照上海市制定的男、女儿童年龄划分标准,将被调查儿童分别划分为○～Ⅷ9个不同年龄段,再进行各组数据对照分析.结果 男、女儿童9个组中,Ⅷ(年龄为≥6.5～＜7)组样本量均较小,分析结果不稳定,不对其进行分析.○～Ⅶ8个年龄组眼轴数据显示:①女童各个年龄段之间的眼轴总体比较差异有统计学意义(F=85.25,P＜0.000 1)；除○与Ⅰ组、Ⅵ与Ⅶ组两两比较差异无统计学意义之外,其余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义.②男童的眼轴总体比较差异有统计学意义(F=110.38,P＜0.000 1),○～Ⅶ各年龄组间相互比较亦均有统计学意义.③性别、年龄、身高、体重对眼轴均有影响.结论 2.5 ～6.5岁儿童不论男女,眼轴均处于快速增长期.总体结果显示,学龄前阶段眼轴生长迅速,应该列为近视早期预防的重点阶段.

Survey and analysis of the ocular axial length using optical coherence biometry in kindergarten children of Yangpu district in Shanghai

Objective To discuss axial length distribution in preschool children in normal developmental state, in order to provide a theoretical help for early prevention of myopia. Methods The children in 104 kindergartens of Yangpu District in Shanghai were full undergone with the ocular axial length measurement with optical coherence interferometry （Zeiss IOL Master）. 14 584 children （29 168 eyes） with normal height and weight were screened out of the kindergartens and divided into two groups of male and female, those with amblyopia, myopia or myopia family history were excluded. Referencing to children age division standard of Shanghai, the children were divided into O - VIII nine different age groups, and then the ocular axial length data of each group were analyzed. Results The Vi group （ t〉6.5, 〈 7 years of age ） , both male and female, was too few to be analysed stably. The other eight groups showed： （1）In girls＇ groups, the overall difference of axial length among all ages was statistically significant （ F = 85.25, P 〈 0.000 1 ）. Except between groups O and I, VI and VII, other groups of the girls showed statistically significant difference in axial length. （2）The differences in ocular axial length among boys＇ groups were all statistically significant （ F = 110.38, P 〈 0.000 1 ）, and the comparisons between boys＇ groups aged from O to VII all showed statistically significance. （3）Gender, age, height and weight all affected children＇ axial length. Conclusions The ocular axial length of children aged 2.5 - 6.5 years, either gender, was in a period of rapid growth. The overall results revealed that preschool age should be regarded as the key stage of early prevention of myopia.