三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料(MXene)研究趋势与展望

近年来, 三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料MXene受到了科学界的广泛关注。MAX相的晶体结构由M_n+1X_n结构单元与A元素单原子面交替堆垛排列而成, 兼具金属和陶瓷的诸多优点, 在高温结构材料、摩擦磨损器件、核能结构材料等领域有较大的应用潜力。MAX相的A层原子被刻蚀之后获得成分为M_n+1X_nT_x(T_x为表面基团)的二维纳米材料, 即MXene, 具有丰富的成分组合以及可调谐的物理化学性质, 在储能器件、电磁屏蔽、电子器件等领域表现出良好的应用前景。本文简要介绍近年来国内外MAX相和MXene材料领域在成分与结构、合成方法、性能与应用研究等方面的研究动态, 据此展望未来几年该类新颖材料的发展方向。

Recent Progress and Prospects of Ternary Layered Carbides/Nitrides MAX Phases and Their Derived Two-dimensional Nanolaminates MXenes

In recent years, ternary layered carbide/nitride MAX phases and their derived two-dimensional nanolaminates MXenes have attracted extensive attention. The crystal structure of MAX phase is composed of M_n+1X_n unit interleaved with layers of A element. MAX phases combine good properties of metal and ceramic, which makes them promising candidates for high temperature structural materials, friction and wear devices, nuclear structural materials, etc. When etching the A-layer atoms of the MAX phase, the two-dimensional nanolaminates with the composition of M_n+1X_nT_x (T_x is surface termination), i.e. MXene, is obtained. MXenes have wide range of composition, and tunable physical and chemical properties, which endow them great potential in the applications of energy storage devices, electromagnetic shielding materials, and electronic devices, etc. In this paper, the research progress of MAX phase and MXene was introduced in terms of composition and structure, synthesis methods, and properties and application. Furthermore, the research prospects of this large family of materials were discussed.