三七中皂苷类成分及其抗脑缺血分子机制研究进展

缺血性脑卒中是脑卒中中最常见的形式,是世界范围内致死致残的主要疾病之一。其病理过程复杂多变,是氧化应激、细胞凋亡、炎症反应等多重病理环节交互作用的结果。中药三七是五加科人参属植物三七Panax notoginseng的干燥根及根茎,临床上主要用于治疗心脑系统及血管系统疾病。近年研究表明,三七抗脑缺血的主要有效成分三七总皂苷成分复杂,可通过多途径、多环节、多靶点干预酶促级联反应,从而发挥其生理效应已成为防治脑缺血的研究热点。目前对三七总皂苷抗脑缺血作用机制的研究已经取得很大进展,但因其作用机制较为复杂,还需要更加深入的研究。因此该文整理了三七皂苷类化学成分共165种,并按照结构类型的差异简单将其分为原人参二醇型皂苷(55种)、原人参三醇型皂苷(37种)和特殊结构类型皂苷(73种),为三七皂苷类成分进一步研究提供参考。另外三七抗脑缺血的疗效已经明确,但其机制还有待进一步阐明,文中从抗氧化应激、减少细胞凋亡、减轻炎症反应、抑制钙超载及保护血脑屏障5个方面对三七皂苷类成分抗脑缺血作用机制进行综述总结,并对4种常用于治疗脑缺血的含三七中皂苷类成分的药物进行总结,以期为三七皂苷类成分治疗脑缺血进一步开发利用提供理论依据。

Research progress on saponins in Panax notoginseng and their molecular mechanism of anti-cerebral ischemia

Ischemic stroke is the most common form of stroke and one of the main diseases leading to death and disability in the world.Its pathological process is complex and changeable as a result of the interaction of multiple pathological links,such as oxidative stress,apoptosis and inflammation.Traditional Chinese medicine Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma is the dried roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng.In clinic,it is mainly used for the treatment of diseases of cardio-cerebral system and vascular system.Recent studies have shown that total saponins of P.notoginseng,the main active ingredients of P.notoginseng against cerebral ischemia,are complex,and can interfere with the enzyme-promoted cascade reaction through multiple pathways,multiple links and multiple targets,so as to exert its physiological effect.Therefore,it has become a hotspot in studies for prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia.At present,a great advance has been made in studies on the mechanism of anti-cerebral ischemia of P.notoginseng saponins,but more in-depth studies are needed because of its complex mechanism.Therefore,in this paper,a total of 165 kinds of P.notoginseng saponins were summarized,and simply divided into protopanaxadiol saponins(55 species),protopanaxadiol saponins(37 species)and special structural type saponins(73 species)according to their structural types,so as to provide reference for further studies of P.notoginseng saponins.In addition,the effect of P.notoginseng on cerebral ischemia is clear,but its mechanism remains to be further explored.This paper summarizes the mechanism of P.notoginseng saponins against cerebral ischemia in five aspects:antioxidant stress,reduction of apoptosis,reduction of inflammatory reaction,inhibition of calcium overload and protection of blood-brain barrier.Four kinds of drugs commonly used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia were summarized,in order to provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of P.notoginseng saponins in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.