四种呼吸道传染病单中心10年回顾性调查

目的 总结10年来我院收治的主要呼吸道传染病:麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行病学特征和临床特点,为疾病控制和临床诊治提供科学依据.方法 对1996年1月至2006年4月我院收治的以上4种疾病进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 总计入选病例1480例,其中麻疹808例、风疹159例、流行性腮腺炎388例、流行性脑脊髓膜炎125例.麻疹于2000年1月至2002年12月和2005年1月至2006年4月存在两个发病高峰.发病年龄较集中于18～35岁;风疹于2001年1月至2002年12月病例数较多,以18～25岁的集体生活人群多发;流行性腮腺炎各年病例数及全年病例分布较均衡;流行性脑脊髓膜炎以散发为主,患者主要是农民和进城务工人员.除流行性腮腺炎无明显季节性外,其他3种疾病均多发于3～5月份.流行性腮腺炎并发症发生率较高;4种疾病的疗效和预后均良好.结论 目前麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎发病仍维持在较高水平,且呈现新的特点,采取必要措施进一步降低发病率、控制暴发性流行十分必要.

Retrospective review of four kinds of acute respiratory infectious diseases in recent 10 years

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of four kinds of acute respiratory infectious diseases: measles,rubella,mumps and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in recent 10 years and provide guidance to the prevention of the diseases. Methods All cases admitted to 302 Hospital of PLA from 1996 to 2006 were reviewed retrospectively: 808 measles,388 mumps,159 rubella and 125 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. Results Measles cases had been increased obviously since 2000. Rubella was epidemic during 2001 and 2002 but had been under control since 2003. There were certain number of mumps cases each year with no outbreak since 1996. The cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis increased markedly in 2004. The incidence of measles was the highest in children older than 6 years and youngers. Most of rubella cases were found in 13~25 age group while most of mumps cases in 6~12 and 19~25 age group. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis cases were adolescents and adults. The peak admissions of measles,rubella and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis were observed in spring while mumps occurred with indistinct seasonal prevalence. Conclusions The prevalence of the four diseases remains at a certain level. It is necessary to take effective strategies for prevention and treatment.