上海市闸北区农民工职业卫生综合干预研究

目的对上海市闸北区农民工进行职业卫生综合干预,提高其相关知识知晓率,降低职业病发病风险。方法整群随机抽样选择研究对象,分为对照组和干预组,干预组采用集体授课、小组讨论、知识竞答、同伴教育、发放宣传资料等综合干预方法进行为期6个月的干预。对照组不进行干预。干预前后进行问卷调查。结果干预后,干预组职业卫生知识有了明显提高,《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》、职业病、粉尘与噪声的危害及防护知识、一氧化碳危害的知晓率与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。认为参加培训有帮助的比例与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);干预前后比较分析显示,干预组在《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》、职业病知晓率,粉尘、噪声、高温的危害及防护知识,一氧化碳危害的知晓率等方面与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。农民工对常见职业危害因素的防护知识知晓率仍然不高(粉尘64.47%,噪声65.64%,高温67.24%,一氧化碳66.44%)。结论综合干预可以有效提高农民工的职业卫生知识,改善其职业卫生态度。针对常见职业危害因素防护方面的知识应进一步加强深入的干预培训。

Integrated intervention study on occupational health of migrant workers in Zhabei District of Shanghai City

[Objective]To perform comprehensive intervention of the occupational health on migrant workers in Zhabei District,to improve their awareness related knowledge of occupational health,so as to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.[Methods] Cluster random sampling method was used to select subjects which were divided into control group and intervention group.Intervention group was comprehensively intervened for 6 months with collective lectures,panel discussions,mastermind challenge,peer education,distribution of promotional materials.The control group received no intervention.Surveys were done before and after intervention.[Results]After intervention,the knowledge level of occupational health was significantly increased.The knowledge level of "Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases," occupational disease,hazards and protection knowledge of dust and noise,hazards of carbon monoxide of intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group after intervention(P<0.01).And the proportion of workers thought the training was useful in intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05)after intervention.Analysis before and after intervention showed that knowledge levels of " Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases," occupational disease,hazards and protection knowledge of dust,noise and heat,hazards of carbon monoxide of intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The protection knowledge level of common occupational hazards was not high among migrant workers(dust 64.47%,noise 65.64%,heat 67.24%,carbon monoxide 66.44%).[Conclusion]Knowledge and attitude of occupational health of migrant workers can be improved significantly after comprehensive intervention.Protection knowledge training against common occupational hazards should be strengthened.