基于GIS的金沙江流域（云南段）生态潜力空间分布特征

生态潜力是衡量多种生态因子综合配合效果的指标。金沙江流域（云南段）从上游到下游地貌类型多样，地形、土壤物化特性差异明显，导致流域内各地貌单元的生态潜力值空间分布特征不一样。GIS的强大空间分析功能，为流域内复杂的生态潜力空间分布规律研究提供了快捷的分析工具。利用ArcGIS空间分析软件，在植被分类图的基础上，对金沙江流域（云南段）生态潜力进行三维透视、空间变异规律等研究。并在此基础上，选取土壤因子，分别对流域内不同地貌单元的生态潜力与土壤空间分布相关性进行了对比研究。结果表明，流域的生态潜力总体上往西北方向递增；变异函数分析得出流域内的生态潜力具有各向异性特点，且生态潜力沿流域走向具有很好的空间自相关性；土壤类型在生态潜力的空间分布特征上具有一定的控制作用。研究中所使用的GIS技术与方法，特别是三维透视与变异函数的应用，为其它地区的类似研究提供了参考；另外，计算得出的金沙江流域生态潜力的分布规律，为该区域的生态保护提供了一定的理论依据.

ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL BASED ON GIS IN JINSHA RIVER WATERSHED(YUNNAN PART)

Ecological Potential is an indicator to measure the comprehensive effects of multi ecological factors confecting.Jinsha River watershed (Yunnan section) is abundant in landscapes and discrepancy in the topography and physical，chemical characteristics of the soil from the upper down to the lower of the watershed.These variations result in the different spatial distributions of the ecological potential in each landform unit.GIS is characterized by the powerful spatial analysis function，which provides the quick and convenient analysis tool for the study on the complex spatial distribution of the ecological potential.Using ArcGIS as the spatial analysis software，based on the vegetation classification map，this paper studied the spatial variation laws and made the 3 D fluoroscopy of the ecological potential power of Jinsha River watershed (Yunnan section).With these data，the paper compared the relationship of the ecological potential and soil spatial distribution in different landform units within the watershed by selecting the soil element.The results of this study are as follows.The ecological potential of the watershed increases in the direction of northwest gradually.From the result of Variation Function，the ecological potential of the watershed is of the anisotropy，and is of good autocorrelation along the strike of the watershed.The soil type plays a certain control role in the spatial distribution of ecological potential.The GIS methodologies adopted in this paper，particularly the 3 D fluoroscopy function and application of Variation Function provides references to the other similar researches.Additionally，the distribution laws of ecological potential in Jinsha River watershed (Yunnan section) calculated in this paper provides the theory base to the ecological protection in this region.