甘蓝型油菜的抗裂角性鉴定及品种筛选

油菜生产效益的提高有赖于机械化进程的推进,而机械化收获要求油菜品种具有较强的抗裂角性.为明确我国最新育成的油菜杂交种(或品系)对机械化收获的适应性,以改进后的随机碰撞法对2008年参加湖北省和全国长江中游区油菜品种区试的50份甘蓝型油菜进行了抗裂角性鉴定.结果表明,抗裂角指数为0.020～0.470,对照品种中油杂2号的抗裂角指数为0.218,大致处于中间值.将抗裂角指数范围分为:>0.4,0.3～0.4,0.2～0.3,0.1～0.2及<0.1五个区域,被鉴定的50份甘蓝型油菜在这5个区域的分布频数分别为5,5,10,17和13个,表明我国最近育成的油菜杂交种(或新品系)的抗裂角性存在较大的差异,有望通过筛选获得适合机械化收获的品种.对抗裂角指数较高的10份材料的产量和品质性状进一步分析,筛选出了三北98、中油112等2个通过了区试并获得审定、具有适合机械化收获性状的油菜新品种,可以直接推广利用.

Screen of Varieties Suitable for Machine Harvesting from New Breeding Hybrids or Lines in Brassica napus

The elevation of rapeseed production efficiency relies on mechanization.Pod shatter resistance of varieties is highly required for machine harvesting.In order to understand the suitability of newly developed lines for machine harvesting,50 hybrids or lines involved in Hubei provincial regional trials and the national regional trials of the middle Yangtze river reaches were assessed for pod shatter resistance using improved random impact test method. The results showed that pod shatter resistant index ranged from 0.020-0.470,with that of the control variety Zhongyouza 2 being 0.218,approximately in the middle of the range. The frequency distribution of the materials were 5,5,10,17 and 13 when the pod shatter resistant index was divided into five regions (>0.4,0.3-0.4,0.2-0.3,0.1-0.2 and <0.1),indicating significant variation of pod shatter resistance among new hybrids or lines from different breeding programs.Based on further analysis of 10 hybrids or lines with relatively high pod shatter resistance on other agronomical important traits,2 hybrids which have passed the trials and will soon be released were selected for use in mechanization production of rapeseed.