培肥措施培肥土壤的效果与机理研究进展

土壤肥力是农业可持续发展的基础资源,培肥是维持农业土壤肥力水平最主要的措施之一,藉以补偿由于养分随农产品收获及农作物废弃物(如秸秆)带出农田对土壤养分库亏损造成的影响。如何对农田土壤进行有效培肥,达到既提高作物产量和品质,又使农田土壤保持较高肥力,同时有效控制农业面源污染,维护农田良好生态环境,已成为目前农业现代化面临的重要课题之一。本文综述了国内外有关培肥措施与土壤肥力水平关系的研究进展,重点阐述了培肥措施与土壤基本理化性状、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物肥力指标、土壤动物肥力指标之间关系的规律,并指出培肥措施与土壤肥力关系方面今后的研究重点,主要包括:有机肥的精细化高效化投入与土壤肥力关系研究、土壤动物学肥力指标的深入研究、土壤长期培肥的土壤生物学过程研究、土壤培肥与农业面源污染问题研究。本文旨在为通过合理培肥措施来提高农田土壤肥力及维护农田良好生态环境方面的深入研究提供科学依据。

Research progress on the effect and mechanism of fertilization measure on soil fertility

While soil fertility is basic for continuous agricultural development, fertilization remains the primary mode of high soil fertility in agriculture. Moreover, fertilization could compensate soil nutrient deficit arising from repeated harvest of farm produce or crop castoff such as straw. The most important task of current agricultural modernization is the effective improvement of soil fertility. Thus not only it is critical to preserve higher soil fertility, but also to increase yield and quality of crop products and to effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution. Achieving this requires all stakeholders to maintain a sound agricultural eco-environment. This paper summarized research progress on relating fertilization measures with soil fertility improvement. The review explained the relational mechanisms of fertilization measures and soil basic physicochemical properties, enzyme activity and fertility index in terms of soil microbial/animal systems. The review also highlighted the direction of further studies on the relation between fertilization measures and soil fertility improvement. Such studies included the relations between fine/high-efficiency input of organic fertilizer and soil fertility, soil fertility index and soil fauna, long-term fertilization and agro-biological processes, fertilization and agricultural non-point source pollution, etc. The review offered scientific insight into future studies on soil fertility improvement and maintenance of farm ecological environment through sound fertilization measures.