花穗修剪与多效唑处理对妃子笑荔枝产量与效益的影响

【目的】研究花穗修剪与多效唑处理对妃子笑荔枝花穗生长的影响，为解决荔枝花而不实、坐果率低的问题提供依据。【方法】以15年生妃子笑荔枝为试材，设计花穗不经过处理（CK）、人工短截、机械短截、多效唑处理、多效唑处理＋机械短截、多效唑处理＋人工短截6个处理。盛花期、收获时分别调查各处理花穗生长情况、每穗果数及单株产量，并进行经济效益分析。【结果】在正常管理水平下，妃子笑荔枝花穗不经过处理和仅用多效唑处理的单穗坐果率及产量均较低；而经过短截修剪的荔枝单穗坐果率、产量及经济效益均较高。其中以多效唑处理＋人工短截的产量和经济效益最高，但其人工支出大、工效低，仅适宜小面积应用；而采用机械短截花穗所需人工较少、效率高，适宜大面积推广应用。【结论】通过花穗修剪和多效唑处理可以调节荔枝的坐果率，只要运用得当，可以获得较高的产量和经济效益。

Effects of pruning blossomed spikelets and MET treatment on the yield and economic benefits in litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Feizixiao) production

Objective]The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pruning blossomed spikelets and MET treatments to enhance the fruit setting rate in litchi （Litehi chinensis Sonn. cv. Feizixiao）. Method] The treatments of artificial pruning, mechanical pruning, MET（Multi-Effect Triazle）treatment, MET＋ mechanical pruning and MET＋artificial pruning were applied to 15-year old litchi cultivar Feizixiao. Control （CK） plants were neither being pruned nor treated with MET. The spikelet＇growth, fruit numbers per spikelet, yield per plant, and the economic benefits at flowering and harvesting periods were investigated. Results]The yield and fruit setting rate per spikelet in CK and MET treated plants were lower under normal management practices. The fruit setting rate per spikelet, yield and economic benefits were found highest in pruning, and the MET＋artificial pruning treated plants, however, the high labor cost and low efficiency made its application possible only for small areas. Mechanical pruning required less labor and showed high efficiency, high yield and economic benefits, therefore, had wider application prospects for litchi production in large areas. Conclusion]The high yield and economic benefits can be obtained by spikelet pruning and MET treatments by controlling fruit setting rate of litehi.