中国城市生产、生活、生态空间质量水平格局与相关因素分析

城市作为人口集聚和社会经济活动的主要载体,也是生产、生活、生态空间的矛盾集中地。本文在城市“三生”空间优化理论框架指导下,构建了城市“三生”空间优化评估指标体系与评估模型,分析2015年中国289个地级及以上城市的“三生”空间质量水平的总体特征和空间分布规律。结果表明：城市“三生”空间质量指数总体处于较低水平,空间格局上从东南沿海向西部和东北地区递减;东北地区的生产空间质量塌陷尤为明显,西部地区生活空间质量堪忧,生态空间质量则与地方的自然生态条件和污染治理相关;生产和生活空间优化之间相辅相成,但不乏城市生产和生态空间质量反差较大;“三生”空间质量水平与人口规模、行政等级之间呈倒U型相关,即规模在1000万~1500万间的城市更利于实现“三生”空间优化,城市“三生”空间质量水平与人均GDP正向相关,职能综合城市和城市群地区城市“三生”空间质量水平更高。

The spatial pattern of urban production-living-ecological space quality and its related factors in China

As the main carrier of population and socio-economic activities, cities are also the places that accumulate the problems from production, living and ecological activities. In order to evaluate the quality of urban production-living-ecological space, this paper develops an evaluation index system based on its theoretical framework, and then analyses the overall characteristics and spatial distribution of the production-living-ecological space quality. Moreover, this paper explores the factors that may affect the quality of urban production-living-ecological space. Using data from 289 prefecture-level cities and above in China in 2015, we find that: (1) the urban production-living-ecological spatial quality is generally at a low level and decreases from the southeast coastal areas to the west and northeast inland areas. (2) The quality levels of production space in the northeast region and living space in the western region are significantly lower than those of other parts of China, and the quality level of ecological space depends on local natural ecology and pollution control. (3) While the quality levels of production and living spaces have a significantly positive correlation, the quality levels of production and ecological spaces show an opposite trend in quite a number of cities. (4) The urban production-living-ecological space quality is associated with the population size and administrative level in an inverted U shape. Specifically, cities with a population size between 10 million and 15 million are more conducive to improve the quality level of production-living-ecological space. Urban production-living-ecological space quality is positively associated with per capita GDP, and cities with comprehensive functions or located in urban clusters have a higher level of production-living-ecological space quality. The above conclusions provide important policy implications for deepening and implementing the planning of China's major function oriented zoning, regional development planning, and even the comprehensive spatial planning under construction from the perspective of production-living-ecological space, as well as directive guidance for urban development strategy and overall planning in different regions. On the whole, the optimization potential of urban production-living-ecological space should be fully released, especially more attention should be paid to the coordination of production-living-ecological space. Different regions should take overall consideration and make up for the shortcomings based on actual conditions respectively.