中国铁路客运流联结的城市时间可达性

基于中国铁路客户服务中心提供的客运流数据,采集全国地级以上行政单元（未含港澳台数据）间铁路客运运行的最短历时,基于GIS网络分析和空间分析等方法,选取时间可达性和一日交流圈2个指标对城市可达性进行测度和分析。研究发现： ① 城市时间可达性水平划分为7个级别,在空间上呈现中心-外围式圈层结构,中心区域沿铁路干线和高速铁路线轴向扩展,廊道效应明显,东部、中部地区的城市时间可达性优于西部地区。② 城市之间的时间可达性小于2.0 h的城市对在空间上构成了由京广、京沪、京哈、京福、杭深、青太、徐兰、沪汉蓉、沪昆、广昆等高速铁路连接的“五纵五横”带状分布格局。时间可达性小于10.0 h的城市对覆盖了“胡焕庸线”东南部的大部分区域,城市带转为城市网络。③ 直辖市、省会/首府城市一日交流圈以31个城市为中心,按照时间可达性由小到大呈现轴向扩展,廊道效应明显。基于城市一日交流圈划分了19个城市群和拉萨城市圈,为城市群的划分提供方法借鉴。

Urban Time Accessibility of Railway Passenger Traffic Flow in China

Within region, accessibility refers to the degree of convenience which a particular transportation system can be used to reach other cities or regions. Railway passenger transport is an important part of China's long-distance passenger transport system. The opening and operation of the high-speed railway has shortened the travel time between cities along the line, and has a profound impact on regional spatial organization. Temporal distance has been widely applied to the evaluation of railway accessibility. Based on the railway passenger transport flow, this paper captures the shortest time between 315 cities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) by using the network data of www.12306.cn. And this paper explores the spatial pattern of urban time accessibility and the spatial connections and hierarchical characteristics of the inter-city time accessibility through the network analysis and the spatial analysis of GIS. According to the result of time accessibility, it analyzes the isochronous rings and daily-communication-area of 31 central cities. The research indicates: 1) At present, China has 315 prefecture-level administrative units with railway passenger train stops. According to the natural discontinuity classification method, the time accessibility level is categorized into seven degrees,present a core-periphery sphere structure. The central area extends axially along the main railway line and high-speed railway line, which shows the strong influence of the ‘corridor’. The urban time accessibility of the eastern and central regions is better than the western region. 2) The city pairs with time accessibility less than 2 hours constitute a ‘Five vertical and five horizontal’ zonation pattern connected by Beijing-Guangzhou HSR, Beijing-Shanghai HSR, Beijing-Harbin HSR, Beijing-Fuzhou HSR, Hangzhou-Shenzhen HSR, Qingdao-Taiyuan HSR, Xuzhou-Lanzhou HSR, Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu HSR, Shanghai-Kunming HSR and Guangzhou-Kunming HSR lines. Cities with time accessibility less than 10 hours cover most of the southeast region of the ‘Hu Huanyong Line’ and the urban belt is transformed into the urban network. Cities with time accessibility longer than 10 hours are mainly connected to the eastern and western regions with a long spatial distance. 3) Daily-communication-area of central cities expand axially. And the corridor effect is obvious. It is divided into four degrees according to the number of cities included in the daily-communication-area. The daily-communication-area covers 227 cities which mainly distribute in the southeast of the ‘Hu Huanyong Line’. This paper divides 19 urban agglomerations and Lhasa city circle based on the daily-communication-area of 31 cities. Compared with the urban agglomeration development plan approved by the State Council, the scope of the urban agglomeration is highly consistent, which provides a reference for the division of urban agglomerations.