基于“主位”与“客位”视角的西双版纳傣族风土聚落类型研究

西双版纳傣族风土聚落具有独特的环境—文化因应特征,与中原汉族地区的聚落在空间形态和营建模式上有很大差别。基于文化人类学的"主位"与"客位"视角,从"主位"视角出发,发现傣族对地形、形貌的选择原则,以及在此基础上所创设的8种聚落类型;从"客位"视角阐述寨心和寺心的"双中心"特征、"山-林-水-寨-田"的区域分布、水网与路网的路径编织三方面特征,试图构建西双版纳傣族风土聚落的建成环境模型。说明文化人类学的研究方法在民族地区风土聚落研究中的适用性和优越性。

Vernacular Settlement Types of the Dai Ethnic Group in Xishuangbanna Based on Perspectives of Emics and Etics

The vernacular settlements of the Dai ethnic group in Xishuangbanna have unique environmentalcultural corresponding characteristics which are quite different from those in the Central Plains in terms of the spatial form and construction mode.This research based on perspectives of"emics"and"etics"of the cultural anthropology.From the view of"emics",it discovers several principles of the Dai people in choosing landform and topography,and the eight settlement types.From the view of"etics",it expounds the"double-center"characteristics of village center and temple center,the regional distribution of"mountain-forest-water-village-field",and the path weaving of the water system and road system.It tries to construct a built environment model of the Dai’s vernacular settlements in Xishuangbanna and show the applicability and superiority of cultural anthropology research methods in the study of vernacular settlements in ethnic areas.