应用Illumina MiSeq测序技术比较传统发酵乳、肉食品中细菌多样性

为全面了解内蒙古特色发酵食品中细菌微生物多样性,比较不同发酵食品的细菌群落结构。运用高通量测序技术,对发酵乳制品(饼状奶酪、棒状奶酪及奶豆腐)和发酵肉制品(发酵香肠、风干羊肉和风干牛肉)中细菌群落组成和多样性进行分析。本研究中共获得194568条有效序列,237个OTU。菌群多样性分析表明:发酵肉制品中菌群Shannon指数较高于发酵乳制品,乳肉制品之间的菌群组成差异较大。发酵乳制品中主要以厚壁菌门为主,而发酵肉制品则以厚壁菌门和变形菌门为主;在属水平上,发酵乳制品的优势菌属为乳杆菌属,而发酵肉制品中的优势菌属为假单胞菌属,次优势菌属为乳杆菌属。在种水平上,由于未检测到的菌群含量较高,所以不能确定乳、肉制品优势菌种,而在发酵乳、肉食品中可检测到的菌群中清酒乳杆菌含量较高。通过16s预测功能分析,发酵乳、肉食品中的绝大部分细菌与转运代谢有关,如脂肪代谢、氨基酸代谢等功能。

Comparison of Bacterial Diversity in Traditional Fermented Dairy and Meat Products by Illumina MiSeq Sequencing

In order to fully explore the bacterial diversity in fermented food with Inner Mongolian characteristics,the bacterial community structure of different fermented food was compared.The composition and structure of bacterial communities in fermented dairy products(Cheese1,Cheese2 and Mike_cake)and fermented meat product(fermented sausage,Mutton_jerky and Beef_jerky)were analyzed based on high throughput sequencing.A total of 194568 effective sequences and 237 OTUs were obtained.The results showed that the Shannon diversity index for fermented meat products was higher than that for fermented dairy products.The microbiota of different fermented products were significantly different.Two bacterial phyla,Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in fermented dairy products.while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominated the microbiota of fermented meat products;At the genus level,Lactobacillus was dominant in fermented dairy products,Pseudomonas was the major bacterial population in fermented meat product,Lactobacillus was a subdominant genus.At the species level,the dominant strains of dairy and meat products could not be determined because of the high content of undetected bacteria,but Lactobacillus sakei had a higher content in fermented dairy and meat products.The 16s predictive function analysis showed that most of the bacteria in traditional fermented food were related to the transport and metabolism function,such as Lipid transport and metabolism and Amino acid transport and metabolism.