小半夏汤对水貂呕吐模型作用机制的研究

目的：研究小半夏汤（Small Pinelliae Decoction，SPD）止呕作用及机制。方法：用顺铂(7.5 mg·kg^-1)和阿扑吗啡(1.6 mg·kg^-1)制备水貂呕吐模型。提取小半夏汤（半夏:生姜=1:1）有效成分制备成颗粒，给予水貂灌胃(ig)小半夏汤(相当于给予4.0，1.0 g·kg^-1生药量)后30 min，再腹腔注射(ip)顺铂或阿扑吗啡，研究小半夏汤对外周和中枢性两种呕吐模型的抑制作用及机制。结果：小半夏汤可显著抑制顺铂（72 h内）引起的急性和延迟性呕吐，减少干呕和呕吐次数并延长呕吐潜伏期(P<0.01)；并可对抗顺铂引起极后区和回肠组织P物质Ｉ型受体（neurokinin-1，NK1）表达增加（P<0.05）。小半夏汤也可抑制阿扑吗啡（6 h内）的呕吐反应（P<0.01）；但对其呕吐潜伏期效果不显著，却可显著降低呕吐率(P<0.05)。结论：小半夏汤颗粒对于顺铂和阿扑吗啡所导致的呕吐均有抑制作用，其作用机制与抑制中枢及外周的NK₁受体表达有关。

Antiemetic Effect and Mechanism of Small Pinelliae Decoction on Mink Vomit Model

Objective：To study the antiemetic effect of Small Pinelliae Decoction (SPD) and its mechanism. Methods： he active ingredients were extracted from TSPD(pinellia tuber:ginger=1:1) to make the granules. Cisplatin(7.5 mg·kg^-1, ip) and apomorphine(1.6 mg·kg^-1, ip) were used to prepare mink vomiting model. After 30 min of SPD (equivalent to 4.0, 1.0 g·kg^-1 crude drug) ig. adminstration, minks were administered of cisplatin or morphine to study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of SPD on the two models of vomiting. Results： SPD could inhibit acute and delayed vomiting induced by cisplatin (within 72 h) in the minks, reduce the number of retching and vomiting(P<0.01), prolong the latency to vomit (P<0.01), and inhibit the expression of NK₁ receptorin central (the area postrema) and peripheral (ileum tissue) tissues (P<0.05). SPD could also inhibit vomiting induced by apomorphine (within 6 h) (P<0.01), reduce significantly the ratio of vomiting (P<0.05) and did not affect the latency to vomit. Conclusion： SPD can inhibit vomiting induced by cisplatin and apomorphine, and its mechanism is related to the inhibition of central and peripheral NK₁ receptor expression.