椎弓根钉置入治疗胸腰椎骨折

背景：近年来，随着医学、生物力学的发展以及各种各样新型内固定器械和方式的涌现，椎弓根钉置入内固定已成为治疗胸腰椎骨折的常用手段。 目的：阐述椎弓根钉在胸腰椎骨折置入内固定治疗的研究与应用进展。 方法：检索胸腰椎骨折与椎弓根钉置入内固定相关的研究文献，检索词为“胸腰椎骨折(thoracolumbar fracture)；内固定(internal fixation)；椎弓根(pedicle)；螺钉(screw)；椎弓根钉(pedicle screws)”，语言分别设定为中文和英文。从胸腰椎骨折分类系统，椎弓根钉临床应用进展和椎弓根钉固定系统特点3方面进行总结，对椎弓根钉置入内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折进行深入探讨分析。 结果与结论：椎弓根钉固定是一种有效的胸腰椎内固定技术，可用于各种原因引起的胸腰椎不稳，特别是胸腰椎骨折的治疗。椎弓根钉固定可以矫正畸形和维持脊柱的三维位置，提供较好的生物力学稳定性。椎弓根钉内固定系统能有效重建椎体高度，恢复生理曲度，并解除脊髓神经的压迫和恢复受损椎管的管径，重建脊柱的稳定性，纠正后凸畸形，临床上已广泛应用，具有创伤小、复位满意、固定坚强、操作简便等优点。

The pedicle screw implantation for thoracolumbar fractures

BACKGROUND:With the development of diagnostic radiology, biomechanics, a variety of new fixation devices and methods emerged in recent years, the growing number of thoracolumbar fractures can be treated through surgery. OBJECTIVE:To study the pedicle screw implantation for thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS:A computer online retrieval was performed to search papers regarding the pedicle screw implantation for thoracolumbar fractures, using key words of “thoracolumbar fracture, internal fixation, pedicle, screw, pedicle screws” in both Chinese and English. We summarized thoracolumbar injury severity score, clinical application of pedicle screw, and the characteristics of pedicle screw internal fixation, and analyzed pedicle screw internal fixation for thoracolumbar fractures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pedicle screw fixation is an effective thoracolumbar fixation technique, which can be used for various reasons-induced thoracic and lumbar instability, in particular the treatment for thoracolumbar fractures. Pedicle screw fixation provides rigid internal fixation, which can correct deformity and maintain the spine three-dimensional position, and provides better biomechanical stability. Pedicle screw fixation system can effectively rebuild vertebral height, restore physiological curvature, relieve spinal cord nerve oppression, restore the diameter of the damaged spinal canal, and reconstruct spinal stability, correct kyphosis. Pedicle screw fixation with fewer traumas, satisfactory reduction, fixed and strong, easy to operate and other advantages has been widely used in clinic.