澳大利亚国家保护地规划历程及其借鉴

澳大利亚国家保护地是基于澳大利亚国土范围内特有的生态、物种和景观资源保护而建立的自然资源保护地,对澳大利亚保护国家生态环境和生物多样性发挥了核心作用。澳大利亚国家保护地体系建设是促进保护地规划系统化发展的重要支撑,其规划建设的过程、经验和思路具有积极的参考价值。通过对发展过程的梳理,将澳大利亚国家保护地规划历程划分为5个阶段,对其建设背景、过程和核心内容做了总结,在此基础上对其国家保护地与国家公园的协同规划矛盾做了分析,对其实施的体系建设策略做了解读。协调好国家自然保护区、国家公园以及国家风景名胜区三者间的关系并在此基础上建立完善的体系建立机制是中国国家公园体制建设的前提条件与关键问题。基于以上思考,本文从指导框架、保护体系、规划合作以及监管机制4个层次对澳大利亚国家自然保护地体系建设的借鉴意义做了总结。

Review on the Developing Process and the Implication of Australia's National Reserve System

Australia National Reserve is a conservation form for Australia''s national scale ecology, species and landscape protection and has played a significant role for Australia''s distinctive natural resources and bio-diversity conservation. Australia National Reserve System is a crucial support to promote National Reserve''s systematic planning development and the process, experience and methodology of the system construction have a positive reference value. In this paper, we subdivided the developing process into five stages and analyzed its background, ideology and strategy. How to build the corresponding system to integrate the relationship between National Nature Reserve, National Park and Scenic Resort is the prerequisite and key issue for our National Park System Construction. Based on this, we summarized the contradictions and the strategy of Australia''s National Reserve and National Park system. Combined with the above-mentioned study, we discuss the significance of Australia National Reserve System from four aspects: guideline framework, protection hierarchy, programme participation and supervision system.