孤独症谱系障碍儿童学校表现和社会技能的发展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育性障碍,其特征是不同程度社会交往障碍,以及狭隘兴趣和刻板行为,症状在儿童早期出现并通常持续整个生命周期。中国大陆于2006年第2次全国残疾人抽样调查时将ASD纳入精神残疾范畴,并制定了《儿童孤独症诊疗康复指南》。对ASD的研究日益受到专业工作者的重视,但多集中在早期评估诊断及综合干预,对于ASD儿童的入学安置、学校表现及入学后社会技能的发展等则相对较少。该文简述ASD儿童在学校的表现及社会技能的发展,以期为国内学龄期ASD儿童学业及社会技能的持续支持提供参考。

Review on school performance and social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by barriers to social interaction in varying degrees, and narrow interests and stereotypes. Symptoms appear early in childhood and usually persist throughout the life cycle. In the Second National Disability Survey and Standards published in 2006 in mainland of China, ASD was included in the category of mental disorders, and the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Autism were established. Despite increasing public awareness of ASD in China, most studies are more focused on early diagnosis and comprehensive intervention. Researches regarding the school placement, performance and social skills of ASD children are still at early stage. This review briefly describes the performance and social skills development of ASD children to future support school-age children with autism in China.