四方联动防跌护理在社区跌倒高危老年人中的应用

目的探讨专科护士-社区护士-个体-家庭四方联动防跌护理模式在社区跌倒高危老年人中的应用与效果。方法选取深圳市龙岗区的2个社区,随机分为观察组和对照组,从两个社区登记建档的跌倒高风险老年居民中分别随机抽选45名进行干预。观察组采用“专科护士-社区护士-个体-家庭”四方联动推进的综合干预方案。对照组接受社区防跌倒常规护理。于干预前及干预后12个月使用修订版社区老年人跌倒危险评估量表、步态和平衡测试量表对两组老年人进行评测,记录两组1年内跌倒发生例次。结果干预期间跌倒发生情况:观察组1人次,对照组6人次。观察组步态和平衡测试得分提高,跌倒危险评估表得分降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论四方联动的综合干预方案应用于社区居家老年人,能有效降低老年人跌倒风险,提升其防跌能力,对预防社区老年人跌倒的发生有积极作用。

Application of four-party co-nursing intervention to community-dwelling elderly people at high risk of falls

Objective To explore the application and effect of four-party (specialist nurse, community nurse, individual and family) co-nursing intervention, for fall prevention in community-dwelling elderly people at high risk of falls. Methods Two communities of Longgang District in Shenzhen were randomized into 2 groups, with 45 community-dwelling elderly people randomly selected from each community.The intervention group was subjected to four-party (specialist nurse, community nurse, individual and family) co-nursing intervention, while the control group to community-based routine care of fall-prevention.The 2 groups were measured with the Modified Falls Risk for Older People in the Community Screening Tool (MFROP-Com) and Tinetti Gait and Balance Test (TGBT) before, and at 12 months of the intervention. Incidence of falls in the two groups within a year was also compared. Results The incidence of falls in the intervention group was 1 count, versus 6 counts in the control group.The intervention group enjoyed an increase in TGBT scores (reflecting balance and gait ability),and a decrease in MFROP-Com scores, both showing significant differences with the controls ( P <0.01 for all). Conclusion The application of the four-party (specialist nurse, community nurse, individual and family) co-nursing intervention can effectively lower fall risks, improve anti-fall ability and prevent fall incidence in community-dwelling elderly people at high risk of falls.