氨氧化微生物在河口与海洋中的生态位研究进展

氨氧化微生物（ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms AOMs）在氮素的地球化学循环中调控着硝化作用的第一步，其能够将生境中的NH₃有氧氧化为亚硝酸盐NO₂-。随着对微生物参与地球化学循环的功能与作用的深入研究，氨氧化微生物在世界各主要河口与海洋中的研究也备受关注。AOMs在不同环境中存在不同的生态位分化，在河口与海洋两种环境下，氨氧化细菌（ammonia-oxidizing bacteria，AOB）与氨氧化古菌（ammonia-oxidizing archaea，AOA）的丰度差异明显，AOB和AOA的群落结构亦显著不同。在河口与海洋中，盐度、温度、氮含量、碳含量与溶解氧等环境因子有着明显的差异，通过分析不同环境因子对AOMs的作用，了解AOMs的时空动力学特征、群落结构变化规律及生态位分化特点，是研究微生物氮素地球化学循环的理论基础。

Research advances in niche of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in estuaries and oceans

Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) regulate the first step of nitrification in the geochemical cycle of nitrogen, which can oxidize NH₃ in the habitat to nitrite NO₂-.With the in-depth study of the function and role of microorganisms in geochemical cycling, the study of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the major estuaries and oceans has also attracted much attention.AOMs has different niche differentiation in different environments.The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) is significantly different in estuarine and marine environments, and the community structures of AOB and AOA are also significantly different.In estuaries and oceans, environmental factors such as salinity, temperature, nitrogen content, carbon content and dissolved oxygen are significantly different.Analyzing the effects of different environmental factors on AOMs and understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics, community structure change and niche differentiation characteristics of AOMs are the theoretical basis for studying microbial nitrogen geochemical cycle.