GH4169合金薄板与凸台件的焊接变形分析

采用真空电子束焊接进行了凸台与GH4169合金薄板的焊接，研究了焊接热输入、板厚及凸台数量对焊接件变形的影响。结果表明，薄板与凸台的焊接件经焊后会产生平面内收缩变形量和平面外失稳变形。焊接件沿板边的收缩变形量呈中间大、两侧小；随热输入增大，中间内凹程度增大。收缩变形量与热输入成正比，与板厚度成反比。2 mm厚的薄板焊接单凸台时，焊接热输入由54 J/mm增加至84 J/mm时，收缩变形量由0.20 mm增加至0.48 mm；同时当焊接热输入为54 J/mm，板厚2 mm，收缩变形量为0.20 mm，板厚5 mm时，变为几乎无变形。焊接单凸台试板的失稳变形表现为试板板边呈绕环形焊缝无规律的上翘、下翘，其主要是焊缝的角变形引起。双凸台焊接试板产生的失稳变形呈上翘、下翘交替变化的波浪变形，其产生主要原因由角变形和扭曲变形造成。板越薄，热输入越大，其上翘、下翘的变形量越大；焊接双凸台产生的失稳变形较焊接单凸台的大。

Analysis of welding deformation of GH4169 alloy thin plate and boss

The welding of the boss and thin plate GH4169 alloy is carried out by electron beam welding. The influence of heat input,plate thickness,and number of boss on the deformation of weldments are investigated. The results show that weldments of the plate and the boss have an in-plane shrinkage deformation and out-of-plane buckling deformation after welding. The shrinkage deformation of weldments along the plate edge is large in the middle,while it is small on both sides,and that the middle concave degree increases with the increase of heat input. Moreover,the amount of shrinkage deformation is proportional to the heat input,and inversely proportional to the thickness of the plate. When the heat input increases from 54 J/mm to 84 J/mm during welding single boss with 2 mm thick thin plate,the shrinkage deformation increases from0. 20 mm to 0. 48 mm. While the heat input is 54 J/mm and the thickness of the plate is 2 mm,the shrinkage deformation is 0. 20 mm,and it becomes almost non-deformed when the thickness of the plate is 5 mm. The buckling deformation of single boss weldments is that the edge of weldments irregularly warps up and down around the circular weld,which is mainly caused by the angular deformation of the weld. The buckling deformation of double-boss weldments presents wave-like deformation,which changes alternately from upwarp to downwarp,and it is caused by angular and deflection deformation. The thinner the plate is and the greater the heat input is,the larger the deformation of the upwarp and downwarp is. The buckling deformation of the welded double boss is greater than that of the welded single boss.