新型发射药爆炸TNT当量系数的实验研究

TNT当量系数是危险品工程抗爆设计和安全距离确定的重要依据。为确定H1和H2两种新型高能发射药的TNT当量系数，分别开展了10 kg TNT和新型发射药的空气自由场静爆实验。基于修正的当量系数计算方法和测量得到的不同爆心距离处冲击波超压时程曲线，确定了不同比例距离处两种高能发射药的超压和比冲量TNT当量系数。研究结果表明，发射药爆炸产生的冲击波传播规律与TNT炸药爆炸产生的冲击波传播规律相同，符合爆炸相似律，相同质量发射药爆炸产生的冲击波超压和比冲量都显著高于TNT的。随着比例距离的增大，H1的超压当量系数先增大后减小，最大值为1.34；H2的超压当量系数逐渐减小，最大值为1.26。两种新型发射药的比冲量TNT当量系数均随比例距离的增大先减小后增大，H2的比冲量TNT当量系数大于H1的，最大值为1.38。本文中修正的计算方法能更准确计算被试样品的TNT当量系数，实验结果可为提高抗爆结构安全性设计提供参考。

Experimental study on TNT equivalent coefficients for two new kinds of propellants

The TNT equivalent coefficient is an important evidence to guide the blast-resistant design and safe-distance determination for dangerous goods. To find out the TNT equivalent coefficients of two new kinds of propellants (H1, H2), a series of free-field static detonation tests were performed for the two propellants (H1, H2) and flaky 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Five repeated tests were carried out for each explosive and the mass of the tested explosive was 10 kg in each test. And the existing method for calculating the TNT equivalent coefficients was modified. Base on the overpressure-time curves of the shock waves at different distances from the explosion centers, the TNT equivalent coefficients for overpressure and specific impulse at different scaling distances were analyzed by the modified calculation method. The results show that the propagations of shock waves induced by explosions of the propellants agree well with the similar law, and are similar with that induced by explosion of the TNT explosive. Meanwhile, the overpressures and specific impulses of shock waves induced by explosions of the two propellants are much higher than those of the TNT explosive. With the increase of scaling distance, the overpressure TNT equivalent coefficient of H1 first increases to 1.34 and then decreases, while that of H2 decrease monotonously, and the maximum value is 1.26. With the increase of the scaling distance, both the specific impulse TNT equivalent coefficients of H1 and H2 first increase and then decrease. The specific impulse TNT equivalent coefficient of H1 with the peak value 1.38 is greater than that of H2. The modified method can be used to accurately calculate the TNT equivalent coefficients of the tested samples, and the results can improve the safety design of blast-resistant structures.