饮食控制对妊娠期糖尿病产妇的影响

目的探讨饮食控制对妊娠期糖尿病产妇新生儿体质量、胎盘功能及羊水的影响。方法93例妊娠期糖尿病产妇在知情同意下按人院单双号随机分成观察组50例和对照组43例，两组均按常规治疗，包括运动、健康教育和药物治疗，观察组在上述基础上加用饮食控制，观察比较两组产妇胎盘成熟程度、羊水情况和胎儿体质量情况。结果观察组正常体质量儿38例（76．O％）、低体质量儿9例（18．O％）、巨大儿3例（6．0％），对照组分别为27例（62．8％）、2例（4．7％）、14例（32．6％），两组巨大儿出生率差异有统计学意义x2=9．210，P=0．002）；两组胎盘成熟度间差异均无统计学意义（x2=1．034，3．353和0．433，P=0．307，0．067和0．510）。观察组羊水正常42例（84．0％）、羊水过少6例（12．0％）、羊水过多2例（4．0％），对照组分别为28例（65．1％）、3例（7．O％）、12例（27．9％），两组羊水正常及羊水过多发生率差异均有统计学意义（x。=4．429、8．548jP=0．035、0．003）。结论饮食控制能有效减少妊娠期糖尿病产妇巨大儿和羊水过少发生率，对于保证母婴安全有重要意义。

Maternal diet on neonatal inpact of gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To study the maternal diet on neonatal weight and gestational diabetes,placental function and the impact of it. Methods 93 cases of maternal gestational diabetes admitted to hospital with informed consent according to odd and even numbers randomly divided to observation group(50 case) and control group(43 cases) ,all accept conventional treatment,including exercise,health education and drug,observation group plus with diet control,compare the two sets of maternal placental maturity,amniotic fluid situation and the situation of fetal weight. Results Observation group with normal weight was 38 cases(76.0％ ) ,low body weight was 9 cases( 18.0％ ) ,huge children was 3 cases(6.0％ ) ,control group was 27 cases( 62.8％ ) ,2 cases(4.7％ ), 14 cases( 32.6％ ) ,two groups of great children birth rate had no significant difference( x2 =9.210,P =0. 002) ;placental maturity between the two groups showed no significant differenee( x2 =1. 034,3. 353 and 0. 433,P =0. 307,0. 067and 0. 510). Observation group normal amniotic fluid was 42 cases(84.0％ ) ,oligohydranmios was 6 cases( 12.0％ ) ,polyhydramnios was 2 cases(4.0％ ) ,the control group was 28 cases(65.1％ ) ,3 cases(7.0％ ) ,12 cases(27.9％ ) ,normal amniotic fluid and polyhydranmnios were significant differences between the two groups ( x2 =4. 429,8. 548, P =0. 035,0. 003 ).Conclusion Diet can reduce fetal macrosomia and the incidence of oligohydramnios, and it could ensure the maternal and child safety.