Fe/Cr-Si柱撑蒙脱石催化剂的合成及表征

以莱西钙基膨润土为原料，研究了常规离子交换法、微波合成法、超声合成法和水热合成法对制备柱撑蒙脱石（PILM）的影响。为了得到大层间距的PILM，引入自制的有机硅溶胶，并将Fe³⁺和Cr³⁺负载到硅溶胶上，制备了一系列的Fe/Cr-Si-PILM，并用XRD、DTA-TG和SRF等进行了表征。结果表明，微波、超声和水热法均是具有应用前景的合成方法；常规离子交换法中，引入有机硅溶胶可以显著增大PILM的层间距，经300 ℃焙烧2 h后，最大的层间距为4.33 nm，热稳定性可达643 ℃。探索了Fe/Cr-Si-PILM催化剂在煤炭液化中的应用，希望能开拓PILM催化剂应用的新领域。

Synthesis and characterization of Fe/Cr-Si pillared montmorillonite catalysts

Preparation of pillared montmorillonite (PILM) was studied, using Laixi Ca-bentonite as the starting material and by different methods (conventional intercalation, microwave irradiation, ultrasonic activation and hydrothermal). In order to obtain large basal spacing ［d(001)］, large polymer ions prepared by hydrolyzing the mixture of silica sol and Fe³⁺/Cr³⁺ aqueous solution were intercalated into the montmorillonite to form Fe/Cr-Si-PILM, which was then characterized by XRD, DTA-TG and XRF. The results showed that microwave irradiation, ultrasonic activation and hydrothermal methods were all promising methods for synthesis of Fe/Cr-Si pillared montmorillonite; for conventional intercalation method, intercalation of silica sol remarkably increased the basal spacing, with thermal stability up to 643 ℃ and basal spacing up to 4.33nm after calcination at 300 ℃ for 2 h. Catalytic activity of Fe/Cr-Si-PILM catalysts in coal liquefaction was investigated with satisfactory results.