基于功能性近红外光谱技术的儿童与成人视皮层区功能活动研究

目的　应用功能性近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）探讨儿童与成人视皮层区功能活动的变化。方法　本研究共纳入了46位健康志愿者。将志愿者分为两组，其中儿童组28人，年龄为（9±3）岁；成人组18人，年龄为（23±4）岁。fNIRS设备采用日立ETG-4000近红外脑功能成像仪，通过端口将fNIRS设备与呈现视觉任务的控制电脑进行连接并保证在受试者接受视觉刺激时fNIRS可以同步地检测到视皮层血红蛋白含量的实时变化。视觉刺激任务为黑白棋盘格翻转刺激。将氧合血红蛋白的数据通过Matlab软件分析得出β值，每个通道均包括基线期β值和刺激期β值，利用SPSS 21.0分析软件分别对儿童组以及成人组内受试者单通道的基线期与刺激期β值进行配对样本t检验。Δβ=β值_刺激期-β值_基线期。结果　除了儿童组中的通道12外，01至11通道两组受试者刺激期β值均显著高于基线期，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）,儿童组受试者与视觉刺激同步的双侧初级视皮层的Δβ值均显著高于成人组（均为P<0.05）；儿童组受试者与视觉刺激同步的双侧次级视皮层的Δβ值也均显著高于成人组（均为P<0.05）。结论　在同样的视觉刺激下，儿童的视皮层功能活动反应程度要明显高于成人。

Study on functional activities of visual cortex in children and adults by functional near infrared spectroscopy

Objective　To investigate the changes of functional activities of visual cortex in children and adults using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Methods　A total of 46 healthy volunteers were included in this study. These volunteers were divided into two groups: children group, including 28 children aged 9±3, and adult group, including 18 adults aged 23±4. The fNIRS device used in this study is Hitachi ETG-4000 near infrared brain function imager. It was connected to the control computer presenting visual tasks through a port, to ensure that it could synchronously detect the real-time changes of hemoglobin content in the visual cortex when patients were receiving visual stimulation. The visual stimulation used the black-and-white checkerboard flip stimulation. The data of oxyhemoglobin were analyzed by MATLAB software to obtain the β value. Each channel included the β values in both the baseline and stimulation periods. SPSS 21.0 software was used to conduct paired sample t-test on the β value of single channel in the baseline and stimulation periods.Δβ was equal to the β value in the stimulation period minus the β value in the baseline period. Results　Except for channel 12 in the children group, the β values of other channels in the stimulation period were all significantly higher than those in the baseline period, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), indicating that these channels had been significantly activated under visual stimulation. The Δβ values of bilateral primary and secondary visual cortices synchronized with visual stimulation in the children group were significantly higher than those in the adult group (all P<0.05).Conclusion　Under the same visual stimulation, the functional response of children’s visual cortex is significantly better than that of adults.