前列腺癌淋巴结转移分子机制的研究进展

淋巴结转移是前列腺癌患者继骨转移之后最常见的转移模式,患者多表现为临床预后不良,因此阐明前列腺癌淋巴结转移的分子机制对了解前列腺癌恶性进展和制定治疗措施具有重要意义。淋巴管生成和肿瘤细胞的淋巴浸润是前列腺癌淋巴结转移的主要方式,瘤周淋巴管生成与淋巴结转移密切相关。血管内皮生长因子C/D-血管内皮生长因子受体-3轴(VEGF-C/D-VEGFR-3轴)和趋化因子配体21-趋化因子受体7轴(CCL21-CCR7轴)是淋巴管生成必不可少的重要分子轴,近年来又新提出了上皮间质转化、免疫逃逸、脂质代谢及缺氧适应性等过程也参与淋巴结转移,为今后研究指明了方向。通过对已知淋巴结转移分子机制以及淋巴管生成参与淋巴结转移的过程进行总结和综述,以期更好地预测前列腺癌的进展,为治疗提供参考。

Progress of molecular mechanism leading to lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer

Lymph node metastasis is one of the most common patterns of metastasis in prostate cancer following bone metastasis.Patients with lymph node metastasis show a poor prognosis.Therefore,clarifying the molecular mechanism leading to lymph node metastasis is critical to understand the progression of prostate cancer and treatment strategy.Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic infiltration are the main ways leading to lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer.Lymphangiogenesis around tumors is closely related to lymph node metastasis.The VEGF-C/D-VEGFR-3 axis and CCL21-CCR7 axis are essential molecules to regulate lymphangiogenesis.In recent years,it has also been proposed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition,immune evasion,lipid metabolism and hypoxia adaptation are involved in lymph node metastasis.These studies point out the direction of further research.We will review the molecular mechanisms leading to lymph node metastasis and the role of lymphangiogenesis,so as to better predict tumor progression and choose appropriate treatment for patients.