松花江流域(哈尔滨段)景观格局及脆弱性变化分析

以松花江流域(哈尔滨段)为研究区域,对研究区域进行2005、2010和2015年3期景观类型提取,统计研究区域各期景观类型面积,通过景观格局脆弱性指数模型计算研究区域3期整体景观格局脆弱性,分析研究区域各种景观类型及景观脆弱性随时间的变化特征。结果表明:1) 2005-2015年,研究区域耕地、未利用地面积呈现逐渐减少态势,建设用地、林地、草地面积呈现逐渐增多态势,水域景观呈现先增加后减少的变化。2) 2005-2010年,耕地景观面积转出最多,转出2.96%,建设用地景观面积转入最多,转入1.57%;2010-2015年,仍然是耕地景观面积转出最多,转出1.20%,林地景观面积转入最多,转入0.99%。3) 2005-2015年,研究区域3期整体景观格局脆弱性分别为2.087 4、2.205 0和2.104 5,呈现先增加后减小的变化。

Analysis of Landscape Pattern and Vulnerability Change in Songhua River Basin(Harbin section)

In this paper,the vulnerability index of landscape pattern is constructed by the sensitivity,adaptability of landscape pattern,and population pressure index.Taking the Songhua River Basin(Harbin Section)as the research area,we extract three sta-ges of landscape type in 2005,2010,and 2015.On the basis of statistics,the area of landscape types in each period was calculated,and the vulnerabilities of landscape patterns in three periods were calculated through the construction formula of landscape pattern vul-nerability index.The change characteristics of landscape types and landscape vulnerability over time were analyzed.The results show that:(1)From 2005 to 2015,the area of cultivated land and unused land decreased gradually,the area of construction land,forest land and grassland increased gradually,and the water landscape increased first and then decreased.(2)From 2005 to 2010,the lar-gest amount of arable landscape area was decreased by 2.96%,and the largest amount of construction landscape area was increased by 1.57%.From 2010 to 2015,arable landscape area was still the most transferred and decreased by 1.20%,forest landscape area was increased the most by 0.99%.(3)From 2005 to 2015,the vulnerabilities of the overall landscape patterns in three periods were 2.0874,2.2050,and 2.1045 in the study area,which increased first and then decreased.