BCTG生物煤层气技术与发展前景

生物煤层气技术(BCTG)是一种新型的煤的生物转化技术,它主要以地下煤层中的挥发分为生物原料,运用化学和工程手段,激活并促进煤层中产甲烷菌的生长和代谢,通过微生物作用将煤中的小分子有机化合物转化为甲烷,人为实现在煤层"造气"。该技术的工艺核心在于通过泵使煤层水在注射井和产气井之间循环流动,在循环煤层水中加注营养液。相比传统的煤制天然气技术,生物煤层气技术具有生产成本低、安全、环保、对原生煤层利用率高、能耗少等优势,而且该技术特别适用于褐煤等低阶煤。生物煤层气技术的研究工作起步于国外,中国近几年才开始对该技术进行有针对性的研究。2012年在云南玉溪华宁开展试验工程项目,已经顺利实现产气。云南省计划未来5~10年开发建设不少于1000个生物煤层气生产单元,预计年产气量不少于20×108m3,实现工业产值50亿元。中国具备发展生物煤层气的有利条件,丰富的褐煤资源为该技术的广泛应用提供了一个宽广的平台,政府对煤层气产业的政策性支持为其营造了良好的发展环境,对天然气需求的日益增长为该技术的发展提供了保障。

Biogenic Coal-to-Gas Bio Coalbed Methane Technology and Development Prospects

BCTG is a new type of coal-derived biological conversion technology ,which uses the volatile com- ponents in underground eoalbeds as the biological feedstock to activate and stimulate the growth and metabolism of methane bacteria in the coalbeds by chemical and engineering means and then converts the small-molecule organic compounds to methane under the effect of microbial action,thus achieving artificial generation of gas in the coalbeds.At the heart of this technology is the circulation of coalbed water between the injection well and the gas production well with the use of a pump as well as the addition of nutrient solution in the circulating coalbed water.Compared with traditional coal-to-gas technologies,the bio coalbed methane technology has many advantages such as low production cost,high safety,environmental friendliness, high utilization rate of original coalbeds and low energy use.The technology is especially suitable for use for low-rank coal such as lignite.The research on biological coalbed methane technology first began in foreign countries and China started the research only a few years ago.In 2012,China launched a pilot project in Yuxi,Yunnan province.The project has begun producing gas now.Yunnan plans to develop and build at least 1,000 biological coalbed methane production units in the next five to ten years,the annual production of which is expected to reach at least 20×10^8m3 and the annual output value of which is expected to hit five billion yuan.China has good conditions for developing biological coalbed methane.The country＇s abundant lig- nite resources provide a broad platform for the wide application of this technology,the government＇s policy support to the coalbed methane industry has created an excellent environment for the further development of this technology and the country＇s growing demand for natural gas guarantees the development of the technology.