2016年4月—2022年3月深圳市和济南市流感病原学监测及流行特征

目的 分析在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行背景下,2016年4月—2022年3月国内深圳市和济南市流感流行特点,了解我国南北方地区流感流行差异。 方法 使用深圳市和济南市国家级哨点医院2016—2022监测年度流感样病例(ILI)和流感病原学监测资料,分析流感流行特征和趋势。 结果 2016—2022监测年度深圳市和济南市国家级哨点医院的门急诊病例中流感样病例百分比(ILI%)分别为2.25%、3.45%。两地区ILI%最高的年份均为2021—2022监测年度。ILl年龄构成均以0~4岁为主(分别占40%、46%)。按月分析两地区流感病毒分离阳性率与ILI%变化的相关性,两者趋势均存在正相关(r=0.238,P<0.05;r=0.425,P<0.001)。两地区不同监测年度流感优势毒株型别均不相同,呈交替变化,但每年流行的型别及高峰期的优势毒株型别基本一致。 结论 2020—2021监测年度即新型冠状病毒肺炎流行初期,深圳市和济南市流感活跃程度明显低于往年平均水平且流行毒株型别单一,其余监测年度基本符合我国南、北方地区流感流行特征。

Pathogenic detection and epidemic characteristics of influenza in Shenzhen and Jinan from April 2016 to March 2022

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Shenzhen and Jinan from April 2016 to March 2022, so as to explore the differences between the north and south of China. Methods Data of influenza-like illness(ILI)and virologic surveillance of national sentinel hospitals of Shenzhen and Jinan were analyzed to determine the epidemic trend and characteristics of influenza during 2016 and 2022. Results The average percentage of ILI(ILI%)were 2.25% and 3.45% in Shenzhen and Jinan, and the years with the highest ILI% in both cities were from 2021 to 2022. Children aged 0 to 4 years were the most vulnerable group, accounting for 40% and 46% of all cases in Shenzhen and Jinan, respectively. The monthly ILI% and influenza virus were positively correlated in Shenzhen and Jinan(r=0.238, P<0.05; r=0.425, P<0.001). The dominant influenza virus subtypes varied in the different influenza seasons, while the subtypes of prevalent strains in each year and the dominant strains in epidemic peak were basically the same in both cities. Conclusion At the beginning of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic(2020-2021), the influenza activity was significantly lower than the average level in previous years and the circulating virus type was single in Shenzhen and Jinan. The epidemic characteristics of influenza in the other monitoring years were basically consistent with the influenza epidemic characteristics in the south and north of China.