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The role of the sympathetic nervous system and uncoupling proteins in the thermogenesis induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine |
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| Authors: | Edward?M?Mills Daniel?E?Rusyniak |
| Affiliation: | (1) The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1770, USA;(2) School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;(3) Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2265 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA |
| Abstract: | Body temperature regulation involves a homeostatic balance between heat production and dissipation. Sympathetic agents such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) can disrupt this balance and as a result produce an often life-threatening hyperthermia. The hyperthermia induced by MDMA appears to result from the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid/adrenal axis. Norepinephrine release mediated by MDMA creates a double-edged sword of heat generation through activation of uncoupling protein (UCP3) along with  1- and  3-adrenoreceptors and loss of heat dissipation through SNS-mediated vasoconstriction. This review examines cellular mechanisms involved in MDMA-induced thermogenesis from UCP activation to vasoconstriction and how these mechanisms are related to other thermogenic conditions and potential treatment modalities. |
| Keywords: | 3 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Rhabdomyolysis Hyperthermia Uncoupling proteins UCP-3 |
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