内蒙古三河牛培育历程及进展

内蒙古三河牛是我国自主培育的乳肉兼用型品种,它是呼伦贝尔各族人民一百多年来辛勤劳动的结晶。从1986年育成以来,三河牛以核心家系选育的方式延续严格的保种制度,在呼伦贝尔草原严酷环境中保持良好的生产性能和繁殖力。虽然在近20年不断受到荷斯坦牛等高产品种的挑战,但对当地气候的高度适应性和良好的兼用性让三河牛始终立于不败之地。"十一五"以来,三河牛选育进一步得到国家重视,在原有品种登记和性能测定系统的基础上,修定并发布了新的三河牛品种国家标准,建立了三河牛育种信息数据库,引入奶牛DHI测定体系,强调兼用性的育种目标,吸收国外兼用型品种高水平遗传种质,采用开放式核心群育种体系,不断取得各方面进展。现简述三河牛培育历程,并总结目前的各项进展,与业界同仁分享。

Breeding History and Current in Inner Improvements of Sanhe Cattle Mongolia

Sanhe Cattle in Inner Mongolia is a local dual purpose breed formed and approved in China with more than 100 years developing history in Hulunbuir pasture. Sanhe cattle is famous for its durabili ty, disease resistance, high quality in both milk and meat production, and suitability for grazing. Since it was approved as a breed in 1986, this breed was preserved adopting selection within family lines in the nu cleolus herd, both its performance and reproduction efficiency was preserved under the harsh condition in Hulunbuir pasture. Although Sanhe cattle was challenged by high yield breeds during the past 20 years, such as Holstein, it remained as a major breed because it was highly adapted for the local environment and had excellent performance in meat and milk production. Since the beginning of the llth five-year plan, state government paid more attention to the genetic improvement of Sanhe from the basis of existing sys- tem for breed registration and performance testing. National standard for Sanhe cattle breed was revised and re-published, breeding information database for Sanhe cattle was established and DHI testing system used for dairy cattle was introduced, the dual purpose breeding goal was re-emphasized through introdu- cing elite stock of international recognized similar type of breed, progresses were achieved through this open nucleus breeding system philosophy. This paper first reviewed the breeding history and then summa- rized the recent progresses in the breeding system to share our experience.