水凝胶的制备及仿生设计在能源领域应用的研究进展

能源与环境问题是当前时代面临的一大课题,有效利用并储存能源,缓解一系列严峻的环境污染问题也是当前研究的热点,电化学储能、光催化、光热界面蒸发和水汽收集这些能源利用措施已经作为环保手段深入人类的生活.大自然作为一位天然的设计师为我们能够提供诸多灵感,自然界诸多生物、生命体系中特性、机制和结构均暗含着十分巧妙的奥秘.本文重...

Bio-inspired Hydrogels:Synthesis,Bionic Design and Applications in the Field of Energy Storage and Conversion

Energy and environmental issues are one of the greatest challenges in the 21 st.Utilizing and storing energy helps alleviate a series of severe environment pollution problems,thus,becoming a hotpot of research.Methods of using cleaning energy,such as electrochemical energy storage,photocatalysis,interfacial solar evaporation and fog collection,have been considered as an environment-friendly way to solve issues above.In recent years,learning from nature has been an efficient way to acquire inspiration.Natural creatures,characteristics in organisms,structure of bio-system,these natural designs all show fabulous mysteries.In this review,we emphasis applications of hydrogel in the field of energy conversion and storage.Firstly,we briefly introduce the characteristics,classification,synthesis and other relevant information of hydrogel.Furthermore,we also give a brief introduction of the advanced technology and corresponding requirements in the field of energy,such as electrochemical energy storage,photocatalysis,solar evaporation and so on.Electrochemical energy storage requires enough reactive active sites to ensure efficient energy conversion and hydrogels can provide more reaction sites because of larger surface area.Besides,the good flexibility and mechanical properties of hydrogels are more adaptable to be used in more situations.The technologies of photocatalysis and photothermal evaporation are all required efficient solar absorption performance.The methods that heat localization and water states adjustment can improve the performance of solar evaporation efficiently.Hydrogels are porous,which can enhance the multiple reflection in the microchannels,thereby enhancing the absorption of light.Selecting proper functional group of polymers can adjust the state of water,so the polymer chain of hydrogel has a certain impact on the state of water.Regulating the state of water can help reduce the evaporation enthalpy of water,which can improve the performance of photothermal evaporation.By learning from nature,hydrogel has gone through three processes from simple use of biomass components to structural bionics to the current bio-inspired bionics.This review provides new ideas for follow-up research by giving specific examples of bionic hydrogel applications in the energy and environment fields.Finally,we give a simple summary and concise outlook about the development of bio-inspired hydrogels.