基于高通量测序技术的食源性病原体检测应用进展

高通量测序是DNA测序技术发展中里程碑式的突破。面对突然爆发的食源性病原体疫情, 食源性病原体检测正从传统的物理化学方法以及核酸扩增杂交技术向无需富集分离的高通量测序技术发展。高通量测序技术把食源性病原体看成一个整体, 直接对食品样本中的所有病原体进行全基因组测序, 得到病原体基因组数据, 并进一步通过生物信息学分析, 得到病原体的基因型、毒力和耐药性报告。高通量测序技术广泛应用于食源性病原体检测的难点在于对测序数据的准确分析, 但其在食源性病原体的快速检测、预防食源疫情传播和日常的食源疫情监测, 尤其是发现未知食源性病原体方面拥有巨大的潜力。本文主要对基于高通量测序技术的食源性病原体检测技术的原理、应用进行综述, 并介绍了现阶段面临的挑战和机遇。

Application progress in food-borne pathogens detection based on high-throughput sequencing technology

High throughput sequencing technology is a milestone breakthrough in the development of DNA sequencing technology. In face of sudden outbreaks of foodborne pathogens, the detection of foodborne pathogens is developing from traditional methods such as physical and chemical methods, nucleic acid amplification and hybridization to high-throughput sequencing technology without enrichment and separation. High-throughput sequencing technology regards foodborne pathogens as a whole and directly sequences the whole genomes of all pathogens in food samples to obtain and analyze the genome data of pathogens, in order to get the genotype, virulence and drug resistance reports of pathogens. Difficulties of high-throughput sequencing technology applying in Food-borne Pathogens detection lie in the accurate analysis of sequencing data, but it has great potential in fast detection of food-borne pathogens, prevention and daily surveillance of food-borne epidemics, especially in the detection of unknown food-borne pathogens. This paper reviewed the principle and application of foodborne pathogen detection technology based on high-throughput sequencing technology, and introduced the challenges and opportunities facing the current stage.