中麦895高产稳产优质特性遗传解析

解析中麦895高产潜力、广泛适应性、综合抗性及其优良品质性状机理,有助于为新品种培育提供理论和方法指导。用中麦871/中麦895重组自交系和扬麦16/中麦895双单倍体2个群体的QTL定位研究和区域试验、生产试验示范资料对中麦895遗传特性及其生产中表现进行了分析。中麦895具有高产、稳产、抗病、优质4个方面优良特性：1）携带2个控制分蘖角和5个控制旗叶夹角主效QTL,株型紧凑,旗叶小且直立,为单位面积穗数（640个/m²）多提供保障;携带矮秆基因Rht2和Rht24,植株矮（75 cm）,茎秆弹性好,抗倒伏能力强。2）含4个高千粒重与灌浆速率QTL和5个抗旱基因,春化基因组成vrn-A1x、Vrn-B1a和vrn-D1w,灌浆速率快,千粒重（48 g）高且稳定,根系活力好,水肥利用效率高,叶功能期长,耐高温和耐晚播能力强。3）携带1个全生育期抗条锈病主效QTL、2个成株期抗白粉病QTL和1个抗赤霉病QTL,综合抗病性好,中感条锈和白粉病,赤霉病病穗率低。4）含低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3d等优质基因,面团筋力中等,颜色亮黄,面条和馒头品质优良;酚酸含量（748 μg·g^-1）高且稳定,营养价值高。本研究为黄淮麦区高产广适新品种培育提供了重要经验和理论支撑。

Characterization of Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai 895 with High Yield Potential,Broad Adaptability,and Good Quality

Characterization of leading cultivars will provide crucially important information for cultivar development. The objective of this research is to characterize high yield potential, broad adaptation, good disease resistance and stress tolerance, as well as good quality in wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895. The dataset of two populations of Zhongmai 871/Zhongmai 895 recombinant inbred lines and Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 doubled haploids, as well as regional yield and pilot trial related with Zhongmai 895 were used in this research. The high yield potential of Zhongmai 895 was largely due to the increased spike number which could easily reach 640/m², guaranteed by erect plant type with small leaves, and short plant height around 75 cm related to the outstanding lodging resistance, on the basis of two QTL for tiller angle, five QTL for leaf angle, and combination of semi dwarfing genes Rht2 and Rht24. It was characterized with high and stable thousand grain weight (48 g) related to the fast grain filling rate which provided excellent tolerance to high temperature during grain filling period, contributing to the perfect performance in late sowing environment, together with the contribution from high water and fertilizer use efficiency, high activity of root system, and slow leaf senescence, on the basis of four QTL for high thousand grain weight and grain filling rate, five genes for drought tolerance with vernalization gene combination of vrn-A1x, Vrn-B1a, and vrn-D1w. The performance of the broad adaptability was further contributed by the good resistance to stripe rust, powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight in the production, due to the presence of one major QTL for stripe rust resistance, two QTL for slow powdery mildew, and one new QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance. Zhongmai 895 was one of the few cultivars performing good dual qualities for Chinese dry white noodles and steamed bread with stable medium gluten strength, bright and yellow flour colour across environments in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Region, with Glu-A3d, and performed high nutrition quality with stable and high phenolic acid concentration of 748 μg·g^-1. This research provides very important information and experience for developing new cultivars with high yield potential and broad adaptability.