Effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccine and evolution of pertussis incidence in the community of Madrid from 1998 to 2015 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Subdirectorate of Epidemiology, Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Public Health, University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain;3. Subdirectorate of Promotion, Prevention and Health Education, Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;4. Regional Public Health Laboratory, Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;5. Health Technology Assessment Agency, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain;1. Univ. Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL – Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;2. CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France;3. Inserm, U1019, F-59000 Lille, France;4. CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;5. Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;1. Rzeszow University, Medical Faculty, Rzeszów, Poland;2. St. Louis Specialized Regional Children''s Hospital, Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic, Kraków, Poland;3. Clinic of Neonatology at the Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland;1. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CC 16, Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;2. Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Calles 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;1. Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China;2. Hangu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300480, China;1. Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;2. Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;3. Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;4. National Immunisation Programme manager, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionPertussis is a communicable disease that primarily affects infants. Vaccination has led to an important reduction in the incidence of the disease, however, resurgence of the disease has been observed. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of pertussis and assess the vaccination effectiveness (VE) of different schedules of acellular pertussis vaccination in the community of Madrid.MethodsPertussis cases notified to the Mandatory Disease Reporting System from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed. Five comparison periods were created: 1998–2001 (reference), 2002–2005, 2006–2009, 2010–2012 and 2013–2015. The incidence ratio (IR) between inter-epidemic periods was analyzed using a Poisson regression. VE was calculated using the screening method. Vaccine status data were collected from the vaccine registry.ResultsIn total, 3855 cases were notified. Inter-epidemic periods were observed every 3–4 years. The incidence increased (IR: 5.99, p < 0.05) in the 2013–2015 period, particularly among infants younger than 1 month (IR: 32.41, p < 0.05). Vaccination data were available in 89% of cases. For those receiving the last dose at ≤6-month VE was 89.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 87.3–92.0) after one year of follow-up, and 85.5% (95% CI: 82.4–88.1) after 11 years of follow-up. For those receiving the last dose at 18-months VE decreased from 98.8% (95% CI: 98.3–99.1) to 85.1% (95% CI: 81.9–87.7) in the same period, and for those receiving the last dose at 4-year VE decreased from 99.6% (95% CI: 99.3–99.7) to 79.3% (95% CI: 74.6–83.1).ConclusionsB. pertussis is circulating in our population, as shown by the epidemic peaks and increased incidence of pertussis in recent years. VE increased with the number of doses and decreased with the follow-up period. The effect of this and other vaccination strategies must be monitored to control the disease. |
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| Keywords: | Epidemiology Pertussis vaccine Vaccination |
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