汽车车门密封结构的传声实验研究

汽车高速行驶时气流导致的车身内外压差和密封件局部压力变化，会使车门密封传声加剧，目前针对车门密封传声的相关研究较少。通过小型气动-声学风洞实验测试手段，参考汽车实车门结构密封和气动力作用特点，建立门单道密封和门板四周密封结构实验研究环境和试验件，研究其密封结构的传声特性。研究表明：竖向和横向密封对门板中高频传声影响较大，后者中高频范围向低频扩展，对更高频影响不大，进一步分析给出了流体环境下门板结构全频段的传声、声辐射和透射特征；密封条压紧力和密封结构传声有正相关关系，但其受门结构四边支撑、内外压差和变形及密封条受力影响而变化。该研究对门隔声和密封设计具有重要的参考价值。

Experimental research on sound transmission of car door sealing structure

The pressure difference inside and outside car body and the local pressure changes of seals cause the sound transmission increase of the sealed door, when the car is running at high speed. However, there are few related researches on this problem at present. In the current research, by using the small-scale aero-acoustic wind tunnel test methods and referring to the interactive characteristics of the seals and the aerodynamic forces of an actual car door structure, the experimental conditions and the test pieces of the door sealed at a single side and the door sealed around are prepared for the study of the sound transmission characteristics of the seal structures. It is found that the vertical and horizontal seals have a greater impact on the sound transmission of the door at middle and high frequencies, the frequency range extends to low frequencies for the horizontal seal, but there is little effect at high frequency. Acoustic radiation and transmission characteristics in airflow are further analyzed. The sealing strip compression force has a positive correlation with the sound transmission of the sealing structure, but it is affected by the four sides supports, internal and external pressure difference, deformation of the door structure, and the force on the sealing strip. The research has an important reference value for the design of door sound insulation and sealing.