热研15号刚果臂形草的选育与利用

1991年从哥伦比亚国际热带农业研究中心(CIAT)引入6095刚果臂形草(Brachiaria ruziziensis G.et E.CIAT6095),1992-1993年在网室和田间进行生态适应性观测,1994-1996年进行品种比较试验,1999-2004年进行区域试验,1999-2005年在海南、云南和福建进行生产试验。结果表明:热研15号刚果臂形草产草量达209865.83 kg/hm²·a,极显著(P<0.01)高于热研6号珊状臂形草(B.brizantha cv.Reyan 6)54.43%,高于热研3号俯仰臂形草(B.decumbens cv.Reyan 3)43.76%;热研15号刚果臂形草喜湿润热带气候,适宜在海拔1000~2000 m,年降水1000 mm以上的热带、亚热带地区生长,具有良好的耐旱能力,在pH4.5~5.0和极端贫瘠的土壤具有良好的持久性和丰产性;适于建植高产、优质、耐久的放牧型草地;固土护坡能力强,适于作水土保持的先锋草种。

Selection and Breeding of Brachiaria ruziziensis G.et E.cv.Reyan No.15

Brachiaria ruziziensis G.et E.cv.Reyan No.15 was native in African and firstly introduced from CIAT in 1991.Its ecological adaptability was then evaluated in 1992-1994 in greenhouse and field.Later,the comparative trial,regional trial and productive trial were carried out during 1994-1996,1999-2004,and 1999-2005,respectively.The preliminary results show that B.ruziziensis G.& E.cv.Reyan No.15 had a high forage dry matter yield of 209865.83 kg/hm²·a,very significantly higher(54.43%) than that of B.brizantha cv.Reyan 6 and significanty higher(43.76%) than that of B.decumbens cv.Reyan 3,respectively.It was adaptable to the warm and tropical climate with altitude range from 1000 m to 2000 m,reasonably high annual rainfall of morn than 1000 mm,and could endure hot dry spells morn than 5 months.It required a soil of high fertility and could tolerate acid soils,especially in pH 4.5~5.0.It was suitable for natural pasture improvement,establishment of high yield and good quality grazing pasture,and also for the water and soil erosion control.