乙型肝炎患者医院感染原因分析与预防

目的 分析乙型肝炎患者医院感染因素及预防对策.方法 选择2009年2月-2011年11月在医院治疗发生医院感染的48例患者临床资料进行分析.结果 48例医院感染患者中,男27例占56.3％,女21例占43.7％,＜50岁患者17例占35.4％,＞50岁患者31例占64.6％,医院感染病例中发生在住院≤10d者有7例占14.6％,11～30 d者有15例占31.3％,＞30 d者26例占54.1％,而且使用抗菌药物越多,感染率越低；48例乙型肝炎患者医院感染分布主要为下呼吸道、上呼吸道、泌尿道及胃肠道,分别占45.8％、20.8％、12.5％及8.3％；另外在医院感染发生时,大多数患者乙型肝炎病毒载量较入院时有所下降,且肝功能状况改善,然而病情的缓解尚不足以阻止医院感染的发生.结论 预防乙型肝炎患者发生医院感染,要严格做好医院内部管理及提高医务人员的认识,尽量缩短乙型肝炎患者的住院时间,以降低感染率.

Causes and prevention of nosocomial infections in hepatitis B patients

OBJECTIVE To explore the causes of nosocomial infections in hepatitis B patients and the preventive countermeasures.METHODS A total of 48 cases with nosocomial infections who enrolled in hospital from Feb 2009 to Nov 2011 were selected,the incidence of the infection was analyzed.RESULTS Of 48 hepatitis B patients with nosocomial infections,there were 27(56.3%) male patients and 21(43.7%) female patients;there were 17(35.4%) patients aged less than 50 years old and 31(64.6%) patients with 50 years of age or older,there were 7(14.6%) patients with nosocomial infections that occurred within ten days after hospitalization,15(31.3%) patients within 11-30 days,26(54.1%)patients more than 30 days after the hospitalization,the more the antibiotics were used,the lower the infection rate was;lower respiratory tract,upper respiratory tract,urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract were the main infection sites,accounting for 45.8%,20.8%,12.5% and 8.3%,respectively;in addition,when the infections occurred in the hospital,the hepatitis B viral load has declined as compared with the admission,and liver function has been improved,however,the remission remained insufficient to prevent nosocomial infections.CONCLUSION It is necessary to enhance the management of hospital,improve awareness of the medical staff,and shorten the hospital stay of the hepatitis B patients so as to reduce the nosocomial infections.