血友病关节炎人工膝关节置换及围手术期处理

目的探讨对血友病关节炎患者行人工膝关节置换的临床效果及其围手术期处理方法。方法1997年2月至2006年2月在血液内科的配合下,在围手术期行凝血因子Ⅷ和Ⅸ活性水平及抑制性抗体监测,强化凝血因子替代补充,我们对4例血友病关节炎患者共6个膝关节行人工膝关节置换治疗。术后平均随访4．4年,记录关节功能改善程度及并发症处理。结果血友病关节炎患者行人工膝关节置换可以使关节疼痛明显缓解,步行距离、上下楼梯和坐位起立等功能明显改善,关节活动度增加。术后早期3个膝关节出现关节内血肿或肌肉出血,其中1例患者因凝血因子Ⅷ抑制性抗体形成,单侧膝关节出现伤口愈合问题,1例患者一过性腓总神经麻痹,1例患者发生静脉循环危象。术后晚期1例患者出现双肘关节出血,但无晚期感染、假体松动、移位和断裂。结论人工膝关节置换可以为重度血友病性关节炎患者减轻关节疼痛,改善关节功能,但是围手术期并发症较多,需要密切监测凝血因子Ⅷ或Ⅸ活性,监测抑制性抗体形成,防止各种早期和晚期并发症的发生。

Total knee arthroplasty and perioperative management of hemophilic arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical results and perioperative management of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in hemophilic patients. METHODS: From February 1997 to February 2006, the data of 6 total knee arthroplasty performed in 4 hemophilic patients was reviewed retrospectively. The values of coagulation factor were maintained at suitable level by monitoring the activity of the factors and their inhibitors during perioperative period. The mean follow-up time was 4.4 years, knee society score and the last postoperative radiographs were recorded. RESULTS: After TKA, the hemophilic patients felt pain of knee relieved, the knee function was improved, but the range of motion increased limitedly. At the early post-operative stage, 3 knees in 2 patients with hemarthrosis or muscle bleeding, 1 of the 2 patients complicated with formation of inhibitor of factor VIII and healing problem in 1 knee after TKA, 1 patient with transient paralysis of the common peroneal nerve, 1 patient with venous circulation insufficiency crisis, but no compartment syndrome. In the late stage after TKA, 1 patient with hemarthrosis of both elbows, but no late infection, loosening, displacement and fracture of the prosthesis in the 6 knees. CONCLUSIONS: Total knee arthroplasty could alleviate knee pain and improve joint function in advanced severe hemophilic arthritic patients. It is important to monitor the activity and inhibitors of coagulation factor VIII or IX, which could decrease the early and late postoperative complications.