挤出成型技术发展综述

挤出成型技术作为当今聚合物加工领域重要的成型手段之一，具有生产效率高、适应性广的特点，自问世以来受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。综述了挤出成型技术的发展概况，重点介绍了反应挤出成型技术、共挤出成型技术、气辅挤出成型技术的原理与发展现状，在此基础上对挤出成型技术的进一步发展进行展望。反应挤出成型技术将物料的制备与挤出合为一体，为聚合物的合成与改性提供了新的思路。共挤出成型技术将不同材料的优良性能集中于同一产品上，各材料特性互补，拓展了聚合物材料的应用范围。气辅挤出成型技术在口模内壁与熔体表面间形成气垫膜层，改善了制品质量。

Overview of Extrusion Molding Technology Development

As one of the most important molding methods in polymer processing today, extrusion molding technology has high production efficiency and wide adaptability. Since its inception, it has received extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. This paper summarized the development of extrusion molding technology, and focused on the principles and development status of reactive extrusion, co-extrusion and gas-assisted extrusion. On this basis, further development of extrusion molding technology was prospected. Reactive extrusion molding integrates material preparation and extrusion, providing a new idea for polymer synthesis and modification. Co-extrusion concentrates the excellent properties of different materials on the same product, achieving properly complementation of different materials and expanding the application range of polymer materials. Gas-assisted extrusion forms an air-cushion film layer between the inner wall of the die and the melt surface, improving the product quality.