西藏水电开发是应对治理揠塞湖的重要举措

西藏区域地质构造发育,又属于高震区,在局部强降雨强降雪等恶劣小气候条件下,自然灾害频发,在高山深谷的江河上尤其容易发生堰塞湖。2018年10月17日凌晨5:00左右,西藏林芝加拉村下游约6km处(大峡谷核心区、无人区)雅鲁藏布江(以下简称“雅江”)左岸发生大规模泥石流,造成干流断流,形成影响很大的雅江加拉村堰塞湖。堰塞湖的治理一直是个世界难题,本文从2018年10月17日治理分析加拉堰塞湖的实践,阐述从水电开发角度,在灾害区上游建设高坝大库拦水调蓄,水库下游再采取截弯取直方式引走来水,作为防治雅江大峡谷河段今后可能出现大型堰塞湖重要治理手段,防止大型堰塞湖造成水淹城乡和溃堰水淹下游灾难的发生,从而达到既推进雅江水电开发,又较好治理了大峡谷河段自然灾害,实现把水电开发建成“功在当代,利在千秋”的减灾防灾工程。

The Development of Tibet Hydropower Station Is a Significant Solution in Barrier Lake Governance

Tibet is very prone to natural disasters due to the geological developments,its location in high seismic zones and microclimates such as heavy rains and snows.In particular,banier lakes form easily at canycxi rivers.On October 17,2018 at around 5 AM(Beijing Time).A massive debris flow occurred on the left bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River(hereinafter referred to as the 4"Ya River")approximately 6 kilometers downstream of Gala Village,Nyingchi,Tibet.The site is situated at the core of the canyon and is uninhabited by humans.The tre3tmGnt of banier lakes h&s always been a world-dass challenge.Drawing from experience of Gala banier lake treatment measures on October 17,2018,the article seeks to explore and analyze the option of using a hydropower plant to address this common challenge.In the case of building a hydropower plant,it is proposed that constructing high dams in the upstream to reserve the water body and straightening the river to discharge the existing barrier lake at the downstream may become crucial for the prevention of the Ya River canyon from forming larger barrier lakes in the future.As a result,floods caused by collapsed weirs and the ensuing damages happening to downstream urban and rural lands will be prevented.Hydropower is also beneficial to the region.To sum up,to tackle the barrier challenge,the solution of building the hydropower plant not only solves the now,but also blesses the future.