博斯腾湖区域景观生态风险评价研究

生态风险评价是一个预测人类活动对生态系统结构、过程和功能产生不利影响可能性的过程,是发现、解决生态环境问题的决策基础。本研究结合遥感和地理信息系统技术尝试对干旱区最大的内陆淡水湖———新疆博斯腾湖进行系统的景观生态风险评价,其目的在于为区域风险管理提供理论和技术支持,这对于改善博斯腾湖生态环境、促进南疆地区可持续发展有着重要的现实意义。确立主要生态风险源主要为:洪涝、干旱、水体矿化度和富营养化这四大类生态风险。利用遥感技术确立生态风险受体,通过基于景观的生态风险的综合计算和GIS叠加,得到博斯腾湖区域综合景观生态风险评价图。在此基础上,进行生态风险综合评价和风险管理决策探讨。

Ecological Landscape Risk Assessment Study of Bosten lake

The study of reconstruction and recovery of damaged ecosystem,the protection and sustainable utilization of environment and resources of the lakes in arid districts have been paid close attention by the international communities and numerous experts and scholars.The ecological risk assessment offers the scientific foundation for decision and execution of ecological risk management.Bosten lake,the largest inland freshwater lake in China,is the main water source for the industrial and agricultural production and the people's lives in Yanqi basin,Kuara city and Yuri county in South Xinjiang,and the direct water source for emergency transportation in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River as well.However,with the intensive development of the water and soil resources,the water environmental question on the Bosten lake has become more and more serious.In the case study of Bosten lake,this research probes into the theory and method of ecological landscape risk assessment with the frontier theory of landscape ecology and the technological train of 3S.Defining the mainly risk resource ingcluding flood,drought,water pollution and rich nutrition of water,the main process includes five stages: regional analysis,risk receptor selection,risk sources analysis,exposure and hazard analysis,and integrated risk assessment.On the basis of assessment result,the environmental risk management countermeasure is advanced.