新CMY型头孢菌素酶在大肠埃希菌中的流行

目的 对临床产质粒介导AmpC酶大肠埃希菌的耐药表型以及分子生物学特性进行研究,以期发现新的头孢菌素酶。方法 对从临床分离的大肠埃希氏菌先后用纸片扩散法、三维试验、等电聚焦试验以及微量稀释法等进行表型检测。然后用接合试验、多重PCR以及基因测序等方法进行分子生物学研究。结果 719株受试的大肠埃希菌经三维试验,等电聚焦以及酶抑制试验表明有6株细菌都能够产一种等电点(PI)为8．9的能够被氯唑西林抑制而不能被克拉维酸抑制的β—内酰胺酶。用微量稀释法检测表明这些菌株对多种三代头孢菌素耐药,但对头孢吡肟、亚胺培南和美洛培南均敏感。接合试验表明它们携带的AmpC酶具有转移性,多重PCR检测表明这些基因来源于费氏枸橼酸杆菌家族,DNA测序表明该基因和CMY-2以及CMY-7有99％的同源性,为一种新的CMY型头孢菌素酶。结论发现了一种新的CMY型头孢菌素酶,它介导了高产AmpC酶大肠埃希菌对多种抗生素的耐药,其耐药性能够水平传播。

A new member of CMY type cephalosporinase prevailing in Escherichia coli

OBJECTIVE: To study the resistant phenotype and molecular biology character of plasmid mediated high AmpC-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and to find new AmpC genotype. METHODS: The cefoxitin highly resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were studied by K-B method, three-dimensional method, Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) and the MIC of these strains were examined by micro-dilution method. The conjugation experiment, multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing methods were used in further study. RESULTS: Above 719 strains studied, there are 6 isolates were showed as high AmpC-producing by three-dimensional method and IEF found they could produce a beta-Lactamase which PI was 8.9 and could be inhibited by cloxacillin but not by clavulnate. The strains were resistant to most of third generation cephalosporins, but were susceptible to cefepime, meropenem and imipenem. The experiment also showed that the gene which express this AmpC like beta-Lactamase could be transferable. Multiplex PCR indicated they belong to Citrobacter freundii family. Sequencing of corresponding DNA revealed 99% identities of the deduced amino acid sequence with CMY-2 and CMY-7 respectively. It is a new CMY type cephalosporinase. CONCLUSION: A new CMY type cephalosporinase has been found in clinical strains of Escherichia coli in our hospital. It was resistant to many antibiotics and its resistance could be transferred horizontally.