肾移植后胰岛素抵抗的危险因素以及与代谢综合征关系的临床研究

目的 探讨肾移植术后发生胰岛素抵抗(IR)的危险因素以及与代谢综合征的关系.方法 对133例肾移植受者进行前瞻性观察,患者移植前无糖尿病病史,入组时未发生急性排斥反应和免疫抑制剂肾毒性,无蛋白尿,肝、肾功能正常,无严重感染.术后采用环孢素A(CsA)、霉酚酸酯(MMF)和泼尼松(Pred)预防排斥反应者108例(CsA组),采用他克莫司(Tac)、MMF和Pred预防排斥反应者19例(Tac组),采用西罗莫司者6例.1年后进行血、尿生化及体格检查,并计算体重指数(BMI)和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).随机抽取普通社区人群200名作为对照.结果 肾移植受者的代谢综合征发生率为33.1%(44/133),显著高于普通社区人群的15%(30/200),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肾移植受者中超重/肥胖者(BMl≥24 kg/m2)39例,其HOMA-IR和代谢综合征发生率明显高于BMI正常者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Tac组的空腹血糖为(6.19±1.61)nmml/L,HOMA-IR为0.95±0.53,均高于CsA组的(5.50±1.17)mmol/L和0.68±0.56,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.05),且HOMA-IR与血Tac浓度存在正相关(r=0.521,P＜0.05).合并代谢综合征的肾移植受者的HOMA-IR为1.01±0.56,显著高于无代谢综合征者的0.58±0.53(P＜0.01);高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症以及高血压者的HOMA-IR水平明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 超重/肥胖以及使用Tac(尤其是血Tac浓度较高时)是引起肾移植受者IR的危险因素,而IR与肾移植后的代谢综合征关系密切.

Clinical study on the risk factors of insulin-resistance and its relationship with metabolic syndrome after kidney transplantation

Objective To investigate the risk factors of insulin resistance(IR)and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in patients after lenal transplantation.Methods 133 renal transplant redpients who had not undergone acute rejection,calcinurine intoxication and severe infection,and had normal renal function and no proteinuria at the 6th month post-transplantation,were involved in the study.They had a history of chronic glomerulonephritis as the primary disease of ESRF but rio diabetes mellitus.108 recipients(CsA group)were treated with CsA,mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and prednisone after transplantation,19 recipients(Tac group)with tacrolimns(Tac),MMF and prednimne,and 6 recipients with Simlimus,respectively.One year later,blood and urine biochemical tests and physical examinations were performed on the recipients,and HOMA calculated.200 cormnunity residents were randomly selected as controls.Results The incidence of MS in the recipients was 33.1%,significantly higher than controls(15.0%).There was no significant difference in the incidence of obesity and overweight between recipients(29.3%)and controls(37.5%).In recipients with obesity or overweight,the insulin-resistance level and urine albumin level,and the incidence of MS weree significantly higher than those without obesity or overweight.The insulin-resistance level in Tac-treated recipients was markedly higher than CsA-treated recipients,and there was a positive correlation between the blood concentration of Tac and insulin-resistance levd.Microalbuminufia-positive recipients had higher insulin-resistance levels.Metabolic syndrome-complicating recipients had higher insulin-resistance levels than those without metabolic synawme,and higher insulinresistance levels existed in recipients with hypertriglyceridemia or hyperchcllesterolemia,hypertension.Conclusion Obesity or overweight,Tac(especially when blood concentration was higher)were risk factors resulting in imulin-resistanee in kidney transplant recipients.It is suggested that insulin-resistance might be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome including hypertrglyceridmaia,hypercbolestemlemia and hypertenion.