枣庄市地下水环境问题与防治对策

十里泉、丁庄—东王庄水源地是枣庄市重要的供水水源地。由于该地区长期处于超采状态,地下水水位持续下降,使地下水动力条件发生变化;地下水对上部土体产生淘空作用,破坏了岩层的自然平衡状态,引起岩溶塌陷;峄城盆地第四系岩层中的粘土具有膨胀性,随着地下水水位下降,干裂收缩,产生地裂缝,抽水活动在含水层内部形成远井径向的拉张区,加速了地裂缝的活动;地表生活污水和工业废水向地下渗透,使十里泉的地下水受到严重污染。根据上述水环境问题,提出了防治地下水环境恶化的措施:加强水资源管理,减少开采量,调整开采井布局;开发新水源,节约用水;建立节水型农业和实施防污工程等。

Groundwater environment problem and countermeasures for its regulation in Zaozhuang City

Shiliquan and Dingzhuang-Dongwangzhuang headwaters, the important water sources of Zaozhuang City, have been over-exploited over a long period. The groundwater level has been continuously descending, which brought about hydrodynamic changes in groundwater. The groundwater undercuts the soil above, breaking the natural balance of rock and causing karst collapse. With the descending of groundwater level, the expansive clay formed in the Quaternary period in the rock formation of the Yicheng basin becomes desiccated and shrunk, forming fissures in the soil. The extraction of water from aquifer results in radially tensile zone of farther wells, accelerating the desiccation fissure. The seepage of sanitary sewage and industrial wastewater into the aquifer causes serious groundwater pollution in Shiliquan. Countermeasures to prevent pollution are proposed, such as strengthening the management of water resources, reducing the development capacity, adjusting the layout of wells, developing new water sources, establishing water saving agriculture and pollution prevention engineering.