Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, 100084, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, China;1. School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;4. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;5. International Consultant, Arlington, VA 22207, USA;6. Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, 2101 Village Road, Dearborn, MI 48121-2053, USA;7. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;8. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia;1. Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection, 1-7-5, Sinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan;2. Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senjyu-Asahimachi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan;1. National Lab of Auto Performance & Emission Test, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. Motorcycle Test Technology Institute Of China South Industries Group Corporation, Xian, 710032, China |
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| Abstract: | The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology. |
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| Keywords: | Evaporation Tailpipe emissions Hydrocarbon (HC) E10 M15 Passenger vehicle |
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