特异性操控神经元活性法研究全麻药作用机制的进展

操控神经元活性法是研究全麻药作用机制的重要手段之一。传统方法主要通过电刺激、脑内神经核团给药和/或神经核团毁损等,存在诸多缺点,如靶向广泛,空间、时间精度差,细胞类型非特异性等。近年来,建立的特异性操控神经元活性法：光遗传学和药理遗传学方法,能特异性针对神经元,在时间和空间上高精度操控其活性,对探索全麻药作用原理具有重要意义。本文就方法学原理及在全麻药作用机制研究中的进展作一综述。

Advances in research on the mechanism of general anesthesia by specific manipulation of neuron activities

Manipulation of the neuron activity is an important method in the research of general anesthetics. Traditional methods mainly involve electrical stimulation and local administrations of drugs into brain nuclei/lesion of nuclei, etc. have many shortcomings such as extended targets, poor spatial and time accuracy, and non-specific cell types. In recent years, novel strategies such as optogenetics and chemogenetics for controlling the activities of specific neurons were established, which are of high precisions on time and space scales, and of great significance to explore the retailed mechanisms of general anesthetics. This review summarized the principles and progresses of optogenetics and chemogenetics in the mechanism research of general anesthetics.