289例药疹临床分析

目的：探讨临床应用药物与药疹发生的关系以及药疹的防治。方法：对我院皮肤科自2000年1月-2006年12月间因药疹到门诊就诊或住院的患者的临床资料进行分析。结果：289例患者中有196例可明确为1种致敏药物，占67．8％（196／289）。由青霉素类引起的药疹共有71例，占36．2％（71／196），其中阿莫西林45例，安西林21例，苄星青霉素G5例。磺胺类引起的药疹共有36例，占18．4％（36／196）。解热镇痛药引起的药疹共有56例，占28．6％（56／196），其中扑热息痛24例，吲哚美辛26例。青霉素类及解热镇痛药引起的药疹中重症药疹分别占8．5％（6／71）及8．9％（5／56）。巴比妥类引起的药疹共13例，占6．6％（13／196），其中重症药疹占38．5％（5／13）。治疗所需的糖皮质激素控制剂量多为80—120mg／d，病程较长。结论：青霉素类、解热镇痛类及磺胺类药物是引起药疹最常见的药物。引起重症药疹的药物主要为青霉素类、解热镇痛药以及巴比妥类。

Clinical analysis of 289 cases with drug eruption

Objective To discuss the connection between clinical drugs and drug eruption as well as the prevention of drug eruption.Method The clinical data were analyzed for drug eruption of out-patients or in-patients in the department of dermatology in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2006.Results For 196 out of 289 patients were confirmed to be caused by a sensitizing drug(67.8% in ratio).Seventy-one cases were caused by Benzylpenicillin(36.2%),including 43 by Amoxicillin,21 by Ancillin and 5 by Benzathine Benzylpenicillin.Thirty-six cases were caused by Sulfanilamide(18.4%).Fifty-six cases were caused by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs(28.6%),including 24 by Paracetamol Granules and 26 by indometacin.Among those caused by Benzylpenicillin and non-steroidal antiinflammatory,8.5%(6/71)and 8.9%(5/56)were severe.In addition,13 cases were caused by Barbital(6.6%),including 38.5%(5/13)severe cases.Dosage control of Glucocorticoids for treatment was 80～120 mg/d and the duration of treatment was a bit longer than normal.Conclusion Benzylpenicillin,non-steroidal antiinflammatory and Sulfonamides are the most common drugs that might cause drug eruption.Drugs that might cause severe drug eruption include enzylpenicillin,non-steroidal antiinflammatory and Barbital.